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creasing the Weathering Durability of the Wood Surface with Tree Bark
Extractive Solution
Özlem Özgenç 1, Deniz Güneri 1, Sefa Durmaz 2, Ebru Bilici 1
1. Karadeniz Technical University, Department Forest Products Engineering, Trabzon, Turkey
2. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kavaklıdere Vocational School, Department of Forestry and Forest Products, Muğla, Turkey
The increasing environmental concern has increased the demand for natural products. Wood is
biodegradable, renewable, and sustainable material in the world. It is used in lots of areas, from handicrafts
to construction industries. However, wood has some disadvantages; for example, it can be degraded by
biotic and abiotic factors under the appropriate conditions (Schmidt, 2006). Therefore, wood's service life
is limited and results in a financial loss for both manufacturer and consumer. For this purpose, some wood
preservatives have been developed to improve wood properties. However, environmental concerns
have restricted preservatives to be harmless. Meanwhile, natural preservatives are easily decomposed
in nature (Onuorah, 2000).
In recent years, environmentally friendly wood surface preservatives have been preferred to decrease the
weathering effects and improve the wood service life. Moreover, the wood preservatives containing tree
bark extractives have become prominent for researchers (Galinane et al., 2015). Bark extracts containing
phenolic compounds, flavonoids, lignans, tannins improved weathering resistance of wood (Grigsby and
Steward, 2018). In this study, ten different tree bark extracts (fir, Calabrian pine, black pine, chestnut,
spruce, cedar, beech, oak, alder, scotch pine) were evaluated as wood surface preservatives. Tree barks
were extracted in 1% NaOH solution. Scotch pine and spruce wood surface protected with bark extracts
were exposed to artificial weathering for 480 h. The color changes were investigated to determine the
weathering performance of bark extracts.
Moreover, the changes on the wood surface were also evaluated with microscopic and macroscopic
evaluation. According to the results, the color changes were low in the extracts having high antioxidant
capacity. The microscopic results also showed the differentiation on the wood surface after weathering.
Likewise, in color changes, macroscopic evaluations demonstrated the color changes. Finally, the
obtained results showed that bark extracts have the potential as wood surface preservatives.
Keywords: Tree barks extract, NaOH solubility, artificial weathering, color changes, wood surface
Acknowledgement
This study was partially funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK,
Project No: 117O772).
References
Galinanes, C., Freire, M.S., Gonza'lez-A' lvarez, J., 2015 UV Protection Effects of Phenolic Extracts from Chestnut Fruit
and Forest Industries Residues. Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. 73(6), 731–739
Grigsby, W., Steward, D., 2018 Applying the Protective Role of Condensed Tannins to Acrylic-Based Surface Coatings
Exposed to Accelerated Weathering. J. Polym. Environ. 26(3), 895–905
Schmidt, O., 2006. Wood and tree fungi, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE RENOVATION WITH RENEWABLE MATERIALS
43
Extractive Solution
Özlem Özgenç 1, Deniz Güneri 1, Sefa Durmaz 2, Ebru Bilici 1
1. Karadeniz Technical University, Department Forest Products Engineering, Trabzon, Turkey
2. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Kavaklıdere Vocational School, Department of Forestry and Forest Products, Muğla, Turkey
The increasing environmental concern has increased the demand for natural products. Wood is
biodegradable, renewable, and sustainable material in the world. It is used in lots of areas, from handicrafts
to construction industries. However, wood has some disadvantages; for example, it can be degraded by
biotic and abiotic factors under the appropriate conditions (Schmidt, 2006). Therefore, wood's service life
is limited and results in a financial loss for both manufacturer and consumer. For this purpose, some wood
preservatives have been developed to improve wood properties. However, environmental concerns
have restricted preservatives to be harmless. Meanwhile, natural preservatives are easily decomposed
in nature (Onuorah, 2000).
In recent years, environmentally friendly wood surface preservatives have been preferred to decrease the
weathering effects and improve the wood service life. Moreover, the wood preservatives containing tree
bark extractives have become prominent for researchers (Galinane et al., 2015). Bark extracts containing
phenolic compounds, flavonoids, lignans, tannins improved weathering resistance of wood (Grigsby and
Steward, 2018). In this study, ten different tree bark extracts (fir, Calabrian pine, black pine, chestnut,
spruce, cedar, beech, oak, alder, scotch pine) were evaluated as wood surface preservatives. Tree barks
were extracted in 1% NaOH solution. Scotch pine and spruce wood surface protected with bark extracts
were exposed to artificial weathering for 480 h. The color changes were investigated to determine the
weathering performance of bark extracts.
Moreover, the changes on the wood surface were also evaluated with microscopic and macroscopic
evaluation. According to the results, the color changes were low in the extracts having high antioxidant
capacity. The microscopic results also showed the differentiation on the wood surface after weathering.
Likewise, in color changes, macroscopic evaluations demonstrated the color changes. Finally, the
obtained results showed that bark extracts have the potential as wood surface preservatives.
Keywords: Tree barks extract, NaOH solubility, artificial weathering, color changes, wood surface
Acknowledgement
This study was partially funded by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK,
Project No: 117O772).
References
Galinanes, C., Freire, M.S., Gonza'lez-A' lvarez, J., 2015 UV Protection Effects of Phenolic Extracts from Chestnut Fruit
and Forest Industries Residues. Eur. J. Wood Wood Prod. 73(6), 731–739
Grigsby, W., Steward, D., 2018 Applying the Protective Role of Condensed Tannins to Acrylic-Based Surface Coatings
Exposed to Accelerated Weathering. J. Polym. Environ. 26(3), 895–905
Schmidt, O., 2006. Wood and tree fungi, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
HEALTHY AND SUSTAINABLE RENOVATION WITH RENEWABLE MATERIALS
43
