Page 50 - Sember, Vedrana, and Shawnda A. Morrison. 2018. The Mind-Body Connection. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 50
Physical Activity Research
vantage of pedometer is that we cannot assess intensity of move-
ment and identify how many steps have been done in the specified
intensity and the results assessed from pedometer are poorly asso-
ciated with accelerometer outcome in everyday living conditions
with children (Treuth et al., 2003). Pedometer step count is more
inaccurate at speed <60 m/min (Abel et al., 2011), therefore it is
not suitable for older people and if the subject is walking faster
than normally, pedometer may underestimate total distance, since
step count of pedometer is influenced by stride length and speed of
walking (Abel et al., 2009).
Heart-rate monitors. Heart rate is an indirect measurement of phys-
ical activity and it measures the physiological response of the body.
Physical activity rate assessed with heart-rate monitor is closely re-
lated to oxygen consumption (VO2), thus power consumption at
different intensities of physical activity (McArdle, Katch, & Katch,
2006). Heart-rate monitors record participant’s heart rate at given
intervals during the period of observation. They gather inform-
ation about responses of the heart during exercise and physical
activity, which could be interpreted as a proxy measure of acute
physical activity (Kohl et al., 2000). Minute by minute information
from heart-rate monitor gives us information about intensity, fre-
quency and duration of free-living physical activity (Schutz, Wein-
sier, & Hunter, 2001). Estimation of energy expenditure accessed
via heart-rate monitor is popular, inexpensive, non-invasive and
versatile; however, there are various sources in the assessment of
physical activity by heart rate because factors other than exercise
affect heart rate. Factors such as high ambient temperature, high
humidity, and emotional stress will cause an increase of heart rate
(Freedson & Miller, 2000). Beside pedometers and accelerometers
heart-rate monitors are major examples of objective measurement
(Sirard & Pate, 2001).
Doubly-Labelled Water (DLW) appears to be a gold standard for val-
idating other methods to measure daily physical activity in free-
living individuals (Starling, Matthews, Ades, & Poehlman, 1999) and
is one of the most accurate assessments of energy consumption in
48
vantage of pedometer is that we cannot assess intensity of move-
ment and identify how many steps have been done in the specified
intensity and the results assessed from pedometer are poorly asso-
ciated with accelerometer outcome in everyday living conditions
with children (Treuth et al., 2003). Pedometer step count is more
inaccurate at speed <60 m/min (Abel et al., 2011), therefore it is
not suitable for older people and if the subject is walking faster
than normally, pedometer may underestimate total distance, since
step count of pedometer is influenced by stride length and speed of
walking (Abel et al., 2009).
Heart-rate monitors. Heart rate is an indirect measurement of phys-
ical activity and it measures the physiological response of the body.
Physical activity rate assessed with heart-rate monitor is closely re-
lated to oxygen consumption (VO2), thus power consumption at
different intensities of physical activity (McArdle, Katch, & Katch,
2006). Heart-rate monitors record participant’s heart rate at given
intervals during the period of observation. They gather inform-
ation about responses of the heart during exercise and physical
activity, which could be interpreted as a proxy measure of acute
physical activity (Kohl et al., 2000). Minute by minute information
from heart-rate monitor gives us information about intensity, fre-
quency and duration of free-living physical activity (Schutz, Wein-
sier, & Hunter, 2001). Estimation of energy expenditure accessed
via heart-rate monitor is popular, inexpensive, non-invasive and
versatile; however, there are various sources in the assessment of
physical activity by heart rate because factors other than exercise
affect heart rate. Factors such as high ambient temperature, high
humidity, and emotional stress will cause an increase of heart rate
(Freedson & Miller, 2000). Beside pedometers and accelerometers
heart-rate monitors are major examples of objective measurement
(Sirard & Pate, 2001).
Doubly-Labelled Water (DLW) appears to be a gold standard for val-
idating other methods to measure daily physical activity in free-
living individuals (Starling, Matthews, Ades, & Poehlman, 1999) and
is one of the most accurate assessments of energy consumption in
48
