Page 23 - Škrgat, Sabina, ed. 2022. Severe Asthma - Basic and Clinical Views. Koper: University of Primorska Press. Severe Asthma Forum, 1
P. 23
clusion to better asthma management options 23
for all? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019
For many years, severe asthma has been rec- Jul;144(1):25-33. endotypes and immune cells in severe asthma
ognized as a subset of asthma that is poor- 7. Custovic A, Siddiqui S, Saglani S. Con-
ly managed by standard therapy for asthma. sidering biomarkers in asthma disease
Nowadays asthma is considered an umbrel- severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022
la diagnosis for several diseases with variable Feb;149(2):480-7.
clinical presentations (phenotypes) and dis- 8. Fitzpatrick AM, Bacharier LB. One step
tinct mechanistic pathways (endotype). The forward, 2 steps back: The enigma of
precise definition of these endotypes and de- preschool wheeze. J Allergy Clin Immu-
ciphering the complex interplay of several in- nol. 2019 May;143(5):1734-5.
dividual pathways and immune cells is cen- 9. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global
tral to asthma management due to inherent Strategy for Asthma Management and
biological therapeutic implications. The iden- Prevention [Internet]. [updated 2020;
tification and understanding of the molecular accessed 2022 Feb 2]. Available from:
mechanisms of different asthma endotypes, https://www.ginasthma.org.
that reflect a highly variable response to dif- 10. Iype J, Fux M. Basophils orchestrat-
ferent treatments, will lead to more precise ing eosinophils’ chemotaxis and func-
asthma management and better outcomes in tion in allergic inflammation. Cells.
patients. 2021 Apr 14;10(4):895. doi: 10.3390/
cells10040895.
References 11. Kaur R, Chupp G. Phenotypes and en-
dotypes of adult asthma: Moving to-
1. Altman MC, Lai Y, Nolin JD, et al. Air- ward precision medicine. J Allergy Clin
way epithelium–shifted mast cell infil- Immunol. 2019 Jul;144(1):1-12.
tration regulates asthmatic inflamma- 12. King GG, James A, Harkness L, et
tion via IL-33 signaling. J Clin Invest. al. Pathophysiology of severe asthma:
2019 Nov 1;129(11):4979-91. We’ve only just started. Respirology.
2018 Mar;23(3):262-71.
2. Alzahrani A, Hakeem J, Biddle M, et al. 13. Kuruvilla ME, Lee FEH, Lee GB.
Human Lung Mast Cells Impair Cor- (2019). Understanding Asthma Pheno-
ticosteroid Responsiveness in Human types, Endotypes, and Mechanisms of
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol.
Allergy. 2021 Dec 2;2:785100. doi: 2019 Apr;56(2):219-33.
10.3389/falgy.2021.785100. 14. Lee Y, Quoc QL, Park HS. Biomarkers
for severe Asthma: Lessons from longi-
3. Bartemes KR, Kita H. Roles of in- tudinal cohort studies. Allergy Asthma
nate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in allergic Immunol Res. 2021 May;13(3):375-89.
diseases: The 10-year anniversary for 15. Peters MC, Kerr S, Dunican EM, et
ILC2s. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 al. Refractory airway type 2 inflam-
May;147(5):1531-47. mation in a large subgroup of asthmat-
ic patients treated with inhaled corticos-
4. Bradding P, Walls AF, Holgate ST. The teroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019
role of the mast cell in the pathophysiol- Jan;143(1):104-13.
ogy of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 16. Peters SP, Busse WW. New and Antic-
2006 Jun;117(6):1277-84. ipated Therapies for Severe Asthma. J
5. Corren J. New Targeted Thera-
pies for Uncontrolled Asthma. J Al-
lergy Clin Immunol Pract. May-Jun
2019;7(5):1394-403.
6. Custovic A, Henderson J, Simpson A.
Does understanding endotypes translate
for all? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019
For many years, severe asthma has been rec- Jul;144(1):25-33. endotypes and immune cells in severe asthma
ognized as a subset of asthma that is poor- 7. Custovic A, Siddiqui S, Saglani S. Con-
ly managed by standard therapy for asthma. sidering biomarkers in asthma disease
Nowadays asthma is considered an umbrel- severity. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2022
la diagnosis for several diseases with variable Feb;149(2):480-7.
clinical presentations (phenotypes) and dis- 8. Fitzpatrick AM, Bacharier LB. One step
tinct mechanistic pathways (endotype). The forward, 2 steps back: The enigma of
precise definition of these endotypes and de- preschool wheeze. J Allergy Clin Immu-
ciphering the complex interplay of several in- nol. 2019 May;143(5):1734-5.
dividual pathways and immune cells is cen- 9. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global
tral to asthma management due to inherent Strategy for Asthma Management and
biological therapeutic implications. The iden- Prevention [Internet]. [updated 2020;
tification and understanding of the molecular accessed 2022 Feb 2]. Available from:
mechanisms of different asthma endotypes, https://www.ginasthma.org.
that reflect a highly variable response to dif- 10. Iype J, Fux M. Basophils orchestrat-
ferent treatments, will lead to more precise ing eosinophils’ chemotaxis and func-
asthma management and better outcomes in tion in allergic inflammation. Cells.
patients. 2021 Apr 14;10(4):895. doi: 10.3390/
cells10040895.
References 11. Kaur R, Chupp G. Phenotypes and en-
dotypes of adult asthma: Moving to-
1. Altman MC, Lai Y, Nolin JD, et al. Air- ward precision medicine. J Allergy Clin
way epithelium–shifted mast cell infil- Immunol. 2019 Jul;144(1):1-12.
tration regulates asthmatic inflamma- 12. King GG, James A, Harkness L, et
tion via IL-33 signaling. J Clin Invest. al. Pathophysiology of severe asthma:
2019 Nov 1;129(11):4979-91. We’ve only just started. Respirology.
2018 Mar;23(3):262-71.
2. Alzahrani A, Hakeem J, Biddle M, et al. 13. Kuruvilla ME, Lee FEH, Lee GB.
Human Lung Mast Cells Impair Cor- (2019). Understanding Asthma Pheno-
ticosteroid Responsiveness in Human types, Endotypes, and Mechanisms of
Airway Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Disease. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol.
Allergy. 2021 Dec 2;2:785100. doi: 2019 Apr;56(2):219-33.
10.3389/falgy.2021.785100. 14. Lee Y, Quoc QL, Park HS. Biomarkers
for severe Asthma: Lessons from longi-
3. Bartemes KR, Kita H. Roles of in- tudinal cohort studies. Allergy Asthma
nate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in allergic Immunol Res. 2021 May;13(3):375-89.
diseases: The 10-year anniversary for 15. Peters MC, Kerr S, Dunican EM, et
ILC2s. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 al. Refractory airway type 2 inflam-
May;147(5):1531-47. mation in a large subgroup of asthmat-
ic patients treated with inhaled corticos-
4. Bradding P, Walls AF, Holgate ST. The teroids. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2019
role of the mast cell in the pathophysiol- Jan;143(1):104-13.
ogy of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 16. Peters SP, Busse WW. New and Antic-
2006 Jun;117(6):1277-84. ipated Therapies for Severe Asthma. J
5. Corren J. New Targeted Thera-
pies for Uncontrolled Asthma. J Al-
lergy Clin Immunol Pract. May-Jun
2019;7(5):1394-403.
6. Custovic A, Henderson J, Simpson A.
Does understanding endotypes translate