Page 20 - Raspberry Pi as a Foundation for Boosting Computer and Technology Literacy

1 A short history of Raspberry Pi and its models
In accordance with Figure 1.3, key features include (Upton 2023):

• BCM2712 processor: 2.4GHz quad-core 64-bit Arm Cortex-A76
CPU with Cryptographic Extension support (AES on hardware),
512KB per-core L2 caches, and 2MB L3 cache
• VideoCore VII GPU: OpenGL-ES 3.1, Vulkan 1.2, dual 4kp60
HDMI display output (compared to a maximum of dual 4k30p on
the Raspberry Pi 4 model), HDR support, 4kp60 HEVC decoder,
and a Raspberry Pi Image Sensor Processor (ISP)
• 4GB or 8GB LPDDR4X-4267 SDRAM: Synchronous Dynamic RAM
with a transfer rate more than twice as fast as that of the previous
Raspberry Pi 4 model
• 2x USB 3.0 (capable of simultaneous full throughput), 2x USB 2.0,
USB-C power connector
• Wi-Fi (802.11ac dual-band), Bluetooth 5.0 (with BLE support),
and Gigabit Ethernet
• Dual 4-lane MIPI CSI/DSI transceivers: Camera and display serial
interfaces, supporting 2x display; or 2x camera; or 1x display + 1x
camera
• Raspberry Pi 40-pin GPIO header: General-purpose input/output
pins for interfacing with additional electronic circuits
• UART connector: A universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter
allows for communicating with other devices via a standard serial
interface
• RTC battery connector: Powering the real-time clock allows the
Raspberry Pi to keep track of the time while the main power sup-
ply is disconnected
• Renesas DA9091 “Gilmour” PMIC: The power management inte-
grated circuit generates the necessary voltages for various board
components, ensuring stable operation and power efficiency,
which allows for the integration of the RTC and power button
• PoE support (additional HAT required): Power over Ethernet al-
lows for power and data transfer through a single connection, en-
abled by attaching a HAT (Hardware Attached on Top) accessory
• Raspberry Pi connector for PCIe (1 x 2.0 port; additional HAT re-
quired): The PCI Express 2.0 interface allows for connecting addi-
tional accessories (e.g., M.2 HATs)
• Power button
• Fan connector

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