Page 262 - Weiss, Jernej, ur. 2017. Glasbene migracije: stičišče evropske glasbene raznolikosti - Musical Migrations: Crossroads of European Musical Diversity. Koper/Ljubljana: Založba Univerze na Primorskem in Festival Ljubljana. Studia musicologica Labacensia, 1
P. 262
glasbene migracije: stičišče evropske glasbene raznolikosti
sicians, artisans, skilled workers and farmers came to work in Bosnia and
Herzegovina.8
Although Czechs were also immigrating in the period between the
two wars, the large-scale immigration process definitely ended in the ear-
ly 20th century. According to 1910 census, 7045 Czechs lived in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, in 1921 the number decreased to 5886, in 1948 it amounted to
1978 and according to 1991 census, only 590 Czechs lived in Bosnia and Her-
zegovina.9
With regard to the specific political and historical circumstances un-
der which Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of the Austro-Hungarian
Empire (annexation process completed in 1908), the activity of professional
musicians of foreign origin in Bosnia and Herzegovina in that period can
be understood in two ways: as part of the usual practice of professional mu-
sicians who are looking for work and often change residence, or as carri-
ers of cultural migration. The arrival of musicians from Austria, Hungary,
Czech, Slovenia and other parts of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, may
be regarded as internal migration of economic type, considering the Aus-
tro-Hungarian monarchy as a single political territory. On the other hand,
by joining the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Bosnia and Herzegovina went
through some kind of transition, from the islamic-oriental to western-Eu-
ropean cultural circle. The changes that occur in the field of musical cul-
ture were result of the activities of foreign musicians in a different cultural
environment. In this context, the activities of foreign musicians can be per-
ceived as a kind of cultural migration – transfer and establishment of a new
musical culture of European type.10
8 Josef Matušek, Češi v Chorvatsku (Daruvar: Jednota, 1994), 54.
9 The drastic decrease of the number of Czechs in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the
Austro-Hungarian period till today was due to the negative events such as the World
War I, economic crisis between the two wars, the World War II, KGB resolution,
earthquakes in Banja Luka in 1935, 1969, 1981, and most certainly the latest, 1992–
1995 war. Ladislav Hladký, “Odnos Čeha i Češke Republike prema Bosni i Hercego-
vini,” Prilozi Instituta za istoriju u Sarajevu, 31 (2002): 169.
According to the latest census in 2013, Bosnia and Herzegovina counts 3.531.159
inhabitants. Seventeen national minorities, as well as other ethnic groups, are counted
in three percent of the population under the category of “other”. Thus, according
to the last census, there are no exact data on the number of Czechs in Bosnia and
Sarajevo. Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova u Bosni i Hercegovini, 2013.
Rezultati popisa.
10 Czech musicians were present in the wider region of South Slavic lands. For more,
see Jernej Weiss, “Czech musicians in South Slavic lands of the Habsburg Monarchy
between 1861 and 1914,” The Collection of Papers / VII International Symposium
260
sicians, artisans, skilled workers and farmers came to work in Bosnia and
Herzegovina.8
Although Czechs were also immigrating in the period between the
two wars, the large-scale immigration process definitely ended in the ear-
ly 20th century. According to 1910 census, 7045 Czechs lived in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, in 1921 the number decreased to 5886, in 1948 it amounted to
1978 and according to 1991 census, only 590 Czechs lived in Bosnia and Her-
zegovina.9
With regard to the specific political and historical circumstances un-
der which Bosnia and Herzegovina became part of the Austro-Hungarian
Empire (annexation process completed in 1908), the activity of professional
musicians of foreign origin in Bosnia and Herzegovina in that period can
be understood in two ways: as part of the usual practice of professional mu-
sicians who are looking for work and often change residence, or as carri-
ers of cultural migration. The arrival of musicians from Austria, Hungary,
Czech, Slovenia and other parts of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, may
be regarded as internal migration of economic type, considering the Aus-
tro-Hungarian monarchy as a single political territory. On the other hand,
by joining the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Bosnia and Herzegovina went
through some kind of transition, from the islamic-oriental to western-Eu-
ropean cultural circle. The changes that occur in the field of musical cul-
ture were result of the activities of foreign musicians in a different cultural
environment. In this context, the activities of foreign musicians can be per-
ceived as a kind of cultural migration – transfer and establishment of a new
musical culture of European type.10
8 Josef Matušek, Češi v Chorvatsku (Daruvar: Jednota, 1994), 54.
9 The drastic decrease of the number of Czechs in Bosnia and Herzegovina from the
Austro-Hungarian period till today was due to the negative events such as the World
War I, economic crisis between the two wars, the World War II, KGB resolution,
earthquakes in Banja Luka in 1935, 1969, 1981, and most certainly the latest, 1992–
1995 war. Ladislav Hladký, “Odnos Čeha i Češke Republike prema Bosni i Hercego-
vini,” Prilozi Instituta za istoriju u Sarajevu, 31 (2002): 169.
According to the latest census in 2013, Bosnia and Herzegovina counts 3.531.159
inhabitants. Seventeen national minorities, as well as other ethnic groups, are counted
in three percent of the population under the category of “other”. Thus, according
to the last census, there are no exact data on the number of Czechs in Bosnia and
Sarajevo. Popis stanovništva, domaćinstava i stanova u Bosni i Hercegovini, 2013.
Rezultati popisa.
10 Czech musicians were present in the wider region of South Slavic lands. For more,
see Jernej Weiss, “Czech musicians in South Slavic lands of the Habsburg Monarchy
between 1861 and 1914,” The Collection of Papers / VII International Symposium
260
