Page 33 - Koderman, Miha, and Vuk Tvrtko Opačić. Eds. 2020. Challenges of tourism development in protected areas of Croatia and Slovenia. Koper, Zagreb: University of Primorska Press, Croatian Geographical Society
P. 33
transport accessibility as a factor of tourist flow ...
may be due to their weaker transport accessibility, as one of the main lim-
iting factors of tourist visits.
For an optimal management of national parks and nature parks it is
necessary to implement planning of sustainable transport, which means:
a) minimising atmospheric pollution;
b) minimizing noise;
c) minimizing land use conversion;
d) minimizing the direct impacts of visitation on the environment;
e) minimizing the impacts of visitation on the recreational
experience;
f) safeguarding the visual perception of naturalness;
g) enabling all visitor groups to move freely;
h) ensuring the protection of the local communities’ quality of life;
and
i) ensuring financial sustainability (Orsi, 2015b).
As good practice examples, we can state “stick measures”, i.e. min-
imising and limiting car and bus traffic while simultaneously encourag-
ing “carrot measures”, i.e. marketing and visitor education with strength-
ened bus transport to protected areas and organised shuttle transport
within protected areas, as well as bicycle traffic (Eaton and Holding, 1996;
Cullinane, 1997; Cullinane and Cullinane, 1999; Daigle, 2008; Collum and
Daigle, 2015; Guiver et al., 2015; Orsi, 2015a; Weston et al., 2015). Within
the context of promoting desirable modes of transport in protected are-
as there has been an increased level of discussion regarding the concept
of so-called “slow travel”, based on pedestrian traffic, bicycle traffic, and
some forms of rail, river and sea traffic, as well as bus traffic, whereby visi-
tors can have deep experiences of the beauty of protected areas (Dickinson
and Lumsdon, 2010).
Transport accessibility is viewed through three components (origin –
link – destination) and can be defined from two aspects: as the ease by
which an individual or group can reach one or several opportunities, and
the ease by which a destination can be reached generally. Considering that
transport accessibility is a broad and flexible concept, characterised by a
high level of complexity, there are several indicators that can be used in
measuring it. Transport accessibility measurement indicators can be sim-
ple (e.g. number of public transport stops within an area, the length of a
given road), but also more complex, including a time component, trans-
31
may be due to their weaker transport accessibility, as one of the main lim-
iting factors of tourist visits.
For an optimal management of national parks and nature parks it is
necessary to implement planning of sustainable transport, which means:
a) minimising atmospheric pollution;
b) minimizing noise;
c) minimizing land use conversion;
d) minimizing the direct impacts of visitation on the environment;
e) minimizing the impacts of visitation on the recreational
experience;
f) safeguarding the visual perception of naturalness;
g) enabling all visitor groups to move freely;
h) ensuring the protection of the local communities’ quality of life;
and
i) ensuring financial sustainability (Orsi, 2015b).
As good practice examples, we can state “stick measures”, i.e. min-
imising and limiting car and bus traffic while simultaneously encourag-
ing “carrot measures”, i.e. marketing and visitor education with strength-
ened bus transport to protected areas and organised shuttle transport
within protected areas, as well as bicycle traffic (Eaton and Holding, 1996;
Cullinane, 1997; Cullinane and Cullinane, 1999; Daigle, 2008; Collum and
Daigle, 2015; Guiver et al., 2015; Orsi, 2015a; Weston et al., 2015). Within
the context of promoting desirable modes of transport in protected are-
as there has been an increased level of discussion regarding the concept
of so-called “slow travel”, based on pedestrian traffic, bicycle traffic, and
some forms of rail, river and sea traffic, as well as bus traffic, whereby visi-
tors can have deep experiences of the beauty of protected areas (Dickinson
and Lumsdon, 2010).
Transport accessibility is viewed through three components (origin –
link – destination) and can be defined from two aspects: as the ease by
which an individual or group can reach one or several opportunities, and
the ease by which a destination can be reached generally. Considering that
transport accessibility is a broad and flexible concept, characterised by a
high level of complexity, there are several indicators that can be used in
measuring it. Transport accessibility measurement indicators can be sim-
ple (e.g. number of public transport stops within an area, the length of a
given road), but also more complex, including a time component, trans-
31
