Page 93 - Koderman, Miha, and Vuk Tvrtko Opačić. Eds. 2020. Challenges of tourism development in protected areas of Croatia and Slovenia. Koper, Zagreb: University of Primorska Press, Croatian Geographical Society
P. 93
tourism in protected areas and the transformation of mljet island, croatia
dex of 128.6, 8.1% with no education, 27.5% with primary-level education,
55.6% with secondary-level education, and 18.8% with tertiary-level educa-
tion (CBS, 2013).
The analysis confirmed that it is not possible to draw a direct connec-
tion between tourism development and the level of education. Nevertheless,
urban tourism areas with more educational institutions and larger job mar-
kets attract educated migrants and incentivise young people to stay in the
area after their education. Concurrenly, rural tourism areas with lower ed-
ucation levels are limited to extensive tourism development that does not
attract newcomers that are more educated.
Tourism and transformation of economic activities
Analysis of impacts of tourism on economic activity on Mljet was investi-
gated using changes in the composition of the population by economic ac-
tivity (active, with income, and dependent), in the composition of active
population by sector of activity (primary, secondary, tertiary), share of ag-
ricultural workers in the total population, and labour force participation
rate from 1961 to 2011.
The two main processes present on Mljet in the investigated period
were the decrease in economic activity and transformation from agricul-
tural to service economy (Tab. 6). In 1961, Mljet was an example of a typi-
cal agricultural region with 81% of its active population working in the pri-
mary sector. Agriculture was not specialised or professional and it usually
represented a family businesses in which all members participated. Lower
productivity was additionally influenced by small land parcels and agricul-
tural overpopulation (the agricultural population was 69% of the total pop-
ulation) (FBS, 1965). The secondary sector employed 6% of the population,
mostly in trades/crafts and construction, while only 13% worked in servic-
es. The high share of active population (51%) used to hide potential surplus-
es of workforce in agriculture, which is also visible in the high labour par-
ticipation rate (81%) (Tab. 6). Many elderly persons did not have a pension
and still worked in agriculture, so only 2% of the population had a person-
al income.
In the 1960s, Mljet was not much different from other rural regions
that still had not experienced development of tourism and other non-ag-
ricultural activities, and where its relative remoteness prevented regular
commuting to work in cities, which resulted in intensive out-migration.
However, other parts of southern Dalmatia had already experienced a tran-
91
dex of 128.6, 8.1% with no education, 27.5% with primary-level education,
55.6% with secondary-level education, and 18.8% with tertiary-level educa-
tion (CBS, 2013).
The analysis confirmed that it is not possible to draw a direct connec-
tion between tourism development and the level of education. Nevertheless,
urban tourism areas with more educational institutions and larger job mar-
kets attract educated migrants and incentivise young people to stay in the
area after their education. Concurrenly, rural tourism areas with lower ed-
ucation levels are limited to extensive tourism development that does not
attract newcomers that are more educated.
Tourism and transformation of economic activities
Analysis of impacts of tourism on economic activity on Mljet was investi-
gated using changes in the composition of the population by economic ac-
tivity (active, with income, and dependent), in the composition of active
population by sector of activity (primary, secondary, tertiary), share of ag-
ricultural workers in the total population, and labour force participation
rate from 1961 to 2011.
The two main processes present on Mljet in the investigated period
were the decrease in economic activity and transformation from agricul-
tural to service economy (Tab. 6). In 1961, Mljet was an example of a typi-
cal agricultural region with 81% of its active population working in the pri-
mary sector. Agriculture was not specialised or professional and it usually
represented a family businesses in which all members participated. Lower
productivity was additionally influenced by small land parcels and agricul-
tural overpopulation (the agricultural population was 69% of the total pop-
ulation) (FBS, 1965). The secondary sector employed 6% of the population,
mostly in trades/crafts and construction, while only 13% worked in servic-
es. The high share of active population (51%) used to hide potential surplus-
es of workforce in agriculture, which is also visible in the high labour par-
ticipation rate (81%) (Tab. 6). Many elderly persons did not have a pension
and still worked in agriculture, so only 2% of the population had a person-
al income.
In the 1960s, Mljet was not much different from other rural regions
that still had not experienced development of tourism and other non-ag-
ricultural activities, and where its relative remoteness prevented regular
commuting to work in cities, which resulted in intensive out-migration.
However, other parts of southern Dalmatia had already experienced a tran-
91
