Page 94 - Koderman, Miha, and Vuk Tvrtko Opačić. Eds. 2020. Challenges of tourism development in protected areas of Croatia and Slovenia. Koper, Zagreb: University of Primorska Press, Croatian Geographical Society
P. 94
challenges of tourism development in protected areas of croatia and slovenia
sition to a service economy, stimulated by tourism development that was
still limited to large tourist resorts, while industry had a transformative
role only in some small communities3.
In the 1960s, Mljet experienced intensive deagrarisation followed by
moderate out-migration, which was further intensified in the 1970s, due to
slow and insufficient tourism development that still had the main trans-
formative role, along with activities related to Mljet National Park (in 1971,
the share of agricultural population was 27% and had fallen to 9% by 1981).
By 1991, the socio-economic transformation of the island was finished, when
the share of agricultural population reached its minimum of 5%, which has
persisted to the time of writing (CBS, 1994). Services became the predomi-
nant occupation for 82% of the active population, while 15% still worked in
agriculture, and only 3% in the secondary sector (Tab. 6)4.
The population in the western part of the island mostly worked in ser-
vices related to tourism and the Park, while in the eastern part of the is-
land, port activities, transport, and administration employed more of the
active population than tourism. Good agricultural resources in the central
part of the island were still used for crop cultivation, as opposed to servic-
es in terms of work opportunities. However, these processes did not result
in professionalisation of agriculture, rather in the abandonment of less fer-
tile land and the spread of a depopulation landscape (See: Nejašmić, 1991).
In the same period, the activity rate decreased to 34%, accompanied by one
of the lowest labour force participation rates in the region (58%). Low ac-
tivity was associated with the model of tourism, that relied on renting ac-
commodation in households and did not enable year-round jobs, as well as
with serious population ageing, which was visible in growing share of per-
sons with income (27%)5.
3 In 1961, southern Dalmatia had 41% active population, 6% had a personal income,
and 53% were dependent, while the labour force participation rate was 63% (FBS,
1965). Primary sector workers were the largest group (47%), followed by secondary
(21%), and services (32%), while the share of agricultural population was 39% (FBS,
1965).
4 Mljet followed the patterns experienced throughout southern Dalmatia, which, in
1991, had 7% of its working population in agriculture, 20% in the secondary sector,
and 73% in services, while the share of agricultural population was only 5% (CBS,
1993).
5 In 1991, southern Dalmatia had 44% active population, 15% with personal income,
and 41% were dependent, while the labour force participation rate was 64% (CBS,
1994).
92
sition to a service economy, stimulated by tourism development that was
still limited to large tourist resorts, while industry had a transformative
role only in some small communities3.
In the 1960s, Mljet experienced intensive deagrarisation followed by
moderate out-migration, which was further intensified in the 1970s, due to
slow and insufficient tourism development that still had the main trans-
formative role, along with activities related to Mljet National Park (in 1971,
the share of agricultural population was 27% and had fallen to 9% by 1981).
By 1991, the socio-economic transformation of the island was finished, when
the share of agricultural population reached its minimum of 5%, which has
persisted to the time of writing (CBS, 1994). Services became the predomi-
nant occupation for 82% of the active population, while 15% still worked in
agriculture, and only 3% in the secondary sector (Tab. 6)4.
The population in the western part of the island mostly worked in ser-
vices related to tourism and the Park, while in the eastern part of the is-
land, port activities, transport, and administration employed more of the
active population than tourism. Good agricultural resources in the central
part of the island were still used for crop cultivation, as opposed to servic-
es in terms of work opportunities. However, these processes did not result
in professionalisation of agriculture, rather in the abandonment of less fer-
tile land and the spread of a depopulation landscape (See: Nejašmić, 1991).
In the same period, the activity rate decreased to 34%, accompanied by one
of the lowest labour force participation rates in the region (58%). Low ac-
tivity was associated with the model of tourism, that relied on renting ac-
commodation in households and did not enable year-round jobs, as well as
with serious population ageing, which was visible in growing share of per-
sons with income (27%)5.
3 In 1961, southern Dalmatia had 41% active population, 6% had a personal income,
and 53% were dependent, while the labour force participation rate was 63% (FBS,
1965). Primary sector workers were the largest group (47%), followed by secondary
(21%), and services (32%), while the share of agricultural population was 39% (FBS,
1965).
4 Mljet followed the patterns experienced throughout southern Dalmatia, which, in
1991, had 7% of its working population in agriculture, 20% in the secondary sector,
and 73% in services, while the share of agricultural population was only 5% (CBS,
1993).
5 In 1991, southern Dalmatia had 44% active population, 15% with personal income,
and 41% were dependent, while the labour force participation rate was 64% (CBS,
1994).
92
