Page 16 - Sember, Vedrana, and Shawnda A. Morrison. 2018. The Mind-Body Connection. Koper: University of Primorska Press.
P. 16
Physical Activity

disease (Sandvik et al., 1993; Yusuf et al., 2004), which is the leading
cause of death for men and women (World Health Organisation,
2010). Elevated body mass index (BMI) represents a greater risk for
cardiovascular disease (CVS) as adults (Haque et al., 2008). Physical
activity in childhood significantly affects healthy lifestyle and health
status in adulthood (Gillander & Hammarstrom, 2002), since pos-
itive linear connections have been established between increased
physical activity and positive health outcomes (Pate, 1993).

It has been reported that relations between physical activity of
children and benefits on health are hard to find in children (Rid-
doch, 1998). Following a systematic review of the health benefits
of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children (Janssen &
LeBlanc, 2010), authors limited their research on seven health as-
sociated indicators. These indicators are high blood cholesterol, hy-
pertension, the metabolic syndrome, obesity, low bone density, de-
pression, and injuries.

It has been reported that relations between physical activity of
children and benefits on health are hard to find in children (Rid-
doch, 1998). Following a systematic review of the health benefits
of physical activity and fitness in school-aged children (Janssen &
LeBlanc, 2010), authors limited their research on seven health as-
sociated indicators. These indicators are high blood cholesterol, hy-
pertension, the metabolic syndrome, obesity, low bone density, de-
pression, and injuries.

Cardiovascular Disease
Development of cardiovascular disease becomes evident in middle-
age, but the beginning of development of cardiovascular disease
starts in childhood and adolescence (McGill et al., 2002), especially
elevated blood cholesterol and blood pressure. It has been demon-
strated that physical activity has a beneficial effect on lipids, lipo-
proteins (Kraus et al., 2002) and blood pressure (Whelton, Chin,
Xin, & He, 2002) in adults. Armstrong and Simons-Morton (1994)
reported minimal, but beneficial effect of physical activity on lip-
ids and lipoproteins in children and adolescents. Aerobic training
had only weak relationship with blood pressure, but that kind of

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