Page 472 - Štemberger Tina, Čotar Konrad Sonja, Rutar Sonja, Žakelj Amalija. Ur. 2022. Oblikovanje inovativnih učnih okolij. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem
P. 472
ija Zlatić and Jelena Stamatović
ganised in different ways, depending on the level of the relevant educational
institution. Education system should make sure that children develop their
creativity and curiosity as the basis of entrepreneurial competencies and en-
trepreneurial intentions as early as possible, whereas university students can
learn practical and theoretical things necessary for entrepreneurship (Dinis
et al. 2013).
From the aspect of entrepreneurship education at university level, the
most relevant elements are psychological factors related to entrepreneur-
ship. Some research confirms this, stating: need for achievement, locus of
control, tolerance of ambiguity, self-confidence and innovativeness, whereby
the need for achievement has the longest history. It is based on the expecta-
tions that something should be done better and faster than others or better
than one’s previous achievements. Business people have a stronger need for
achievement, which implies that this quality is very important for professions
related to economic development and business success (Hansemark 1998).
Locus of control refers to the expectation of success or failure in key tasks.
Brockhaus (1980) emphasises that entrepreneurs have a stronger locus of
control in relation to the general population. The reason is simple, because
entrepreneurs believe that the outcome of a business enterprise is based on
their own effort and personal initiative. There is an interesting result stat-
ing that young adults that were involved in different programs or that were
trained in different entrepreneurial courses had a higher internal locus of
control which led to a more positive entrepreneurial attitude (Hansemark
1998; Robinson et al. 1991).
Tolerance of ambiguity can be observed as a tendency toward observing
ambiguous situations in a more neutral way. A person with a high tolerance
of ambiguity is a person that considers unclear (ambiguous) situations as a
challenge and strives to overcome unstable and unpredictable situations in
order to perform their job well (Koh 1996). We could say that it is expected
for individuals with a tendency toward entrepreneurship to exhibit a higher
tolerance of ambiguity that others (Sarachek 1978).
Self-confidence and self-esteem are used as analogous terms and ex-
plain how an individual experiences their own ability. Self-confidence shows
whether an individual accepts certain knowledge about himself as true, how
much he values it, if he sees himself as a hard-working person, a person who
deserves to be appreciated and respected and to what extent. This indicates
the perception of the level of self-confidence, satisfaction with oneself, one’s
qualities and abilities.
Kourilsky (1980) concluded that self-confidence and self-esteem are im-
472
ganised in different ways, depending on the level of the relevant educational
institution. Education system should make sure that children develop their
creativity and curiosity as the basis of entrepreneurial competencies and en-
trepreneurial intentions as early as possible, whereas university students can
learn practical and theoretical things necessary for entrepreneurship (Dinis
et al. 2013).
From the aspect of entrepreneurship education at university level, the
most relevant elements are psychological factors related to entrepreneur-
ship. Some research confirms this, stating: need for achievement, locus of
control, tolerance of ambiguity, self-confidence and innovativeness, whereby
the need for achievement has the longest history. It is based on the expecta-
tions that something should be done better and faster than others or better
than one’s previous achievements. Business people have a stronger need for
achievement, which implies that this quality is very important for professions
related to economic development and business success (Hansemark 1998).
Locus of control refers to the expectation of success or failure in key tasks.
Brockhaus (1980) emphasises that entrepreneurs have a stronger locus of
control in relation to the general population. The reason is simple, because
entrepreneurs believe that the outcome of a business enterprise is based on
their own effort and personal initiative. There is an interesting result stat-
ing that young adults that were involved in different programs or that were
trained in different entrepreneurial courses had a higher internal locus of
control which led to a more positive entrepreneurial attitude (Hansemark
1998; Robinson et al. 1991).
Tolerance of ambiguity can be observed as a tendency toward observing
ambiguous situations in a more neutral way. A person with a high tolerance
of ambiguity is a person that considers unclear (ambiguous) situations as a
challenge and strives to overcome unstable and unpredictable situations in
order to perform their job well (Koh 1996). We could say that it is expected
for individuals with a tendency toward entrepreneurship to exhibit a higher
tolerance of ambiguity that others (Sarachek 1978).
Self-confidence and self-esteem are used as analogous terms and ex-
plain how an individual experiences their own ability. Self-confidence shows
whether an individual accepts certain knowledge about himself as true, how
much he values it, if he sees himself as a hard-working person, a person who
deserves to be appreciated and respected and to what extent. This indicates
the perception of the level of self-confidence, satisfaction with oneself, one’s
qualities and abilities.
Kourilsky (1980) concluded that self-confidence and self-esteem are im-
472
