Page 39 - Lazar, Irena. 2022. Pogled skozi steklo / A Look Through the Glass. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem. Libri universitatis hereditati, 1
P. 39
graves from the second half of the 1st centu- on the walls, neck, and even all over the vessels, glass finds in slovenia and neighbour ing ar eas 39
ry to the middle of the 2nd century. According to and wheel-cut geometric decoration.
their distribution, we may suggest that these ves-
sels are very probably the products of one of the Most products, and particularly those of
earliest glass workshops operating in Noricum better quality, still came from the northern Ital-
or Pannonia that was not yet identified. ic workshops (Lazar 2003a, 72, 75, 100) and were
joined, at the end of the 2nd and in the 3rd cen-
The influence of the glass production cen- tury, by the products of the centres from the
tres in the Rhine valley, particularly the Köln Rhine valley (p. 83). The applied decoration on
workshops, developed and spread in the middle high-quality vessels copied floral and figural mo-
of the 2nd century. Their production began to re- tifs. These products were imported from east-
place the influence of the Italic workshops and ern workshops, and they were characterized by
to satisfy the demand even in that part of the the deliberately decoloured glass with trail dec-
Empire (Lazar 2003a, 109, 115). In this period, if oration. Two footed goblets from Poetovio are a
not earlier, the first local glass production cen- good example of such vessels (Lazar 2003a, 115,
tres were organized. The demand for glass ves- fig. 34: 3.8.4; Mikl Curk 1976). Products of the
sels for everyday use in the 2nd century was, to western, mostly Köln workshops, where the ves-
some extent, certainly satisfied by the products sels were decorated with multicoloured glass
from local workshops. The finds from Ptuj (Po- threads, are at present not represented to a great
etovio) and Celje (Celeia) prove the existence of extent in Slovenia, as only a few small fragments
glass production from the 2nd century onwards have been preserved (Lazar 1993, 9, pl. 2: 4).
(Lazar 2003b, 224).
A considerable decline in the quantity of
The second century witnessed a continu- glass products can also be perceived in the 3rd cen-
ation of exceptional growth in the use of glass tury in the eastern Alpine region. Some forms go
products. Many forms that appeared already in out of use and the variety of forms as well as the
the 1st century were still in use. These were pri- number of vessels was also reduced.
marily bottles with a handle, collared bowls and
some forms of indented beakers (Lazar 2003a, The various simple wheel-cut decorations
98–100), which were joined by some new var- that appeared on products in the 2nd centu-
iants (Lazar 2003a, 98, fig. 32: 3.5.1.–4., 3.5.7.). ry evolved into intricate geometric and figural
The high-quality thinly blown beakers as well motifs in the 3rd century. Simple hemispherical
as indented beakers of milky white glass were forms of bowls and beakers became ever more
also popular. Simple cylindrical beakers (Lazar widespread and the details of the manufacture
2003a, 102, fig. 33: 3.6.1.–2.) were very widespread also changed, most notably in the forming of the
and appeared in many sizes and variants. They vessel rims. There were increasing numbers of
were often made of decoloured glass. products with cut rims, which were sometimes
ground, but not on the simpler products.
Certain special features and changes in pro-
duction can be noted as characteristic of this and Characteristic products of the 3rd century
the following century: the forming of the rim were hemispherical bowls with somewhat thick-
was simpler, the edge was fire-rounded or thick- ened walls of colourless or sometimes milky
ened, rims of bottles were simply turned out, white glass, decorated with wheel-cut geometric
sometimes funnel-like, the base most often had decorations of circles, almond-shaped hollows
an applied single or double ring foot. The em- and rhombs. The most valuable products of this
phasis was on simple forms; the decoration was period are vessels with cut figural decoration and
reduced, and indentations predominating. Two decoration in high relief (Lazar and Tomanič Je-
new decorative techniques appeared during the vremov 2000, 201, pl. 1, 2).
century: the application of glass threads or trails
The number of forms was drastically re-
duced in the 4th century, as was the number of
ry to the middle of the 2nd century. According to and wheel-cut geometric decoration.
their distribution, we may suggest that these ves-
sels are very probably the products of one of the Most products, and particularly those of
earliest glass workshops operating in Noricum better quality, still came from the northern Ital-
or Pannonia that was not yet identified. ic workshops (Lazar 2003a, 72, 75, 100) and were
joined, at the end of the 2nd and in the 3rd cen-
The influence of the glass production cen- tury, by the products of the centres from the
tres in the Rhine valley, particularly the Köln Rhine valley (p. 83). The applied decoration on
workshops, developed and spread in the middle high-quality vessels copied floral and figural mo-
of the 2nd century. Their production began to re- tifs. These products were imported from east-
place the influence of the Italic workshops and ern workshops, and they were characterized by
to satisfy the demand even in that part of the the deliberately decoloured glass with trail dec-
Empire (Lazar 2003a, 109, 115). In this period, if oration. Two footed goblets from Poetovio are a
not earlier, the first local glass production cen- good example of such vessels (Lazar 2003a, 115,
tres were organized. The demand for glass ves- fig. 34: 3.8.4; Mikl Curk 1976). Products of the
sels for everyday use in the 2nd century was, to western, mostly Köln workshops, where the ves-
some extent, certainly satisfied by the products sels were decorated with multicoloured glass
from local workshops. The finds from Ptuj (Po- threads, are at present not represented to a great
etovio) and Celje (Celeia) prove the existence of extent in Slovenia, as only a few small fragments
glass production from the 2nd century onwards have been preserved (Lazar 1993, 9, pl. 2: 4).
(Lazar 2003b, 224).
A considerable decline in the quantity of
The second century witnessed a continu- glass products can also be perceived in the 3rd cen-
ation of exceptional growth in the use of glass tury in the eastern Alpine region. Some forms go
products. Many forms that appeared already in out of use and the variety of forms as well as the
the 1st century were still in use. These were pri- number of vessels was also reduced.
marily bottles with a handle, collared bowls and
some forms of indented beakers (Lazar 2003a, The various simple wheel-cut decorations
98–100), which were joined by some new var- that appeared on products in the 2nd centu-
iants (Lazar 2003a, 98, fig. 32: 3.5.1.–4., 3.5.7.). ry evolved into intricate geometric and figural
The high-quality thinly blown beakers as well motifs in the 3rd century. Simple hemispherical
as indented beakers of milky white glass were forms of bowls and beakers became ever more
also popular. Simple cylindrical beakers (Lazar widespread and the details of the manufacture
2003a, 102, fig. 33: 3.6.1.–2.) were very widespread also changed, most notably in the forming of the
and appeared in many sizes and variants. They vessel rims. There were increasing numbers of
were often made of decoloured glass. products with cut rims, which were sometimes
ground, but not on the simpler products.
Certain special features and changes in pro-
duction can be noted as characteristic of this and Characteristic products of the 3rd century
the following century: the forming of the rim were hemispherical bowls with somewhat thick-
was simpler, the edge was fire-rounded or thick- ened walls of colourless or sometimes milky
ened, rims of bottles were simply turned out, white glass, decorated with wheel-cut geometric
sometimes funnel-like, the base most often had decorations of circles, almond-shaped hollows
an applied single or double ring foot. The em- and rhombs. The most valuable products of this
phasis was on simple forms; the decoration was period are vessels with cut figural decoration and
reduced, and indentations predominating. Two decoration in high relief (Lazar and Tomanič Je-
new decorative techniques appeared during the vremov 2000, 201, pl. 1, 2).
century: the application of glass threads or trails
The number of forms was drastically re-
duced in the 4th century, as was the number of
