Page 35 - Herojska doba Histrov

Herojska doba Histrov

nepravilen del naselja večinoma z ene strani naravno accessible side, as the irregular platform upon which
zaščiten s strmimi pobočji in z globokimi jarki (Nezakcij, the settlement was raised was to the other side largely
Punta Kašteja pri Medulinu, Oračina, Limska gradina, Sv. naturally protected by steep slopes and deep gullies
Martin pri Taru, Kaštelir pri Novi Vasi, Kaštelir pri Kortah) (Nesactium, Punta Kašteja near Medulin, Oračina, Limska
(Marchesetti 1903; Buršić-Matijašić 2007; Mihovilić 2013; gradina, Sveti Martin near Tar, Kaštelir near Nova Vas,
2014, 36–38; 2021, 517–518). Kaštelir near Korte) (Marchesetti 1903; Buršić-Matijašić
2007; Mihovilić 2013; 2014, 36–38; 2021, 517–518).

Izbira naravnih vzpetin za dolgoročno poselitev je bila logič- The choice of natural elevations for long–term settlement
na glede na morfologijo terena kot tudi pragmatična glede was both logical, considering the morphology of the land,
na pogoje, zmogljivosti in kolektivne potrebe skupnosti. and pragmatic, considering the conditions, capacities,
Predhodna ureditev podija gradišča je zagotovo vključevala and collective needs of the community. The preparation
izkopavanje in obdelavo kamna same povzdignjene lege. of the platform upon which the settlement was raised
S tem so predvsem izravnali vrhove in ustvarili primerne included the dressing of stone quarryied directly at the
terase na pobočjih, iz pridobljenega kamna pa so izdelovali site. This had the initial effect of levelling the platform,
monolitne zidove in vhodne konstrukcije, ki so zagotavljali i.e., the peak of the elevation, producing the appropriate
ustrezno zaščito naselju in varnost prebivalstvu (Hänsel, terraces on the slopes, with the thus quarried stone used
Mihovilić, Teržan 2015). to create the monolithic walls and gates, which provided
for adequate protection of the settlement and for the
safety of its population (Hänsel, Mihovilić, Teržan 2015).
Obzidja so bila praviloma sestavljena iz dveh vzporednih
zidov iz obdelanih kamnitih blokov manjših ali večjih di- The defensive walls were, as a rule, formed having two
menzij, osrednji prostor pa je bil zapolnjen s kamenjem parallel faces of large and smaller coarsely dressed
(Vrčin, Nezakcij, Limska gradina ali Monkodonja, Karaštak, stone blocks, with the core of the wall composed of rub-
Kunci itd.) (Buršić-Matijašić 2007; Mihovilić 2014, 36–38). ble (Vrčin, Nesactium, Limska gradina or Monkodonja,
Posebne in natančne graditeljske rešitve so bile namenjene Karaštak, Kunci, etc.) (Buršić-Matijašić 2007; Mihovilić
prehodom skozi obzidja in vhodom. Razen elementarnih, 2014, 36–38). Particular and exacting building solutions
ozkih in shematiziranih prehodov je bil pri obzidjih z več were targeted to the passages through the walls and the
stenami vsak naslednji prehod nepravilno nameščen in/ entrances to the hillfort. With the exception of the ele-
ali dograjen s koridorji in z ojačitvami. S tem je bila dose- mentary and cramped passages of basic layout, ramparts
comprising multiple walls had staggered passages and/
žena oblika pravokotnega labirinta, vstop v gradišče pa or additional corridors and reinforcements. This produced
je bil strateško nadzorovan in precej otežen. V okoliškem a rectangular labyrinth structure, with penetration into
prostoru, podrejenem ureditvi življenja v samem gradišču, the hillfort strategically controlled and made significantly
so bile na nekaterih mestih postavljene dodatne obrambne more difficult. In the surrounding area, and in service of
konstrukcije, in sicer z vrstami vertikalno postavljenih the inhabited hillfort settlement, additional defensive
ostrih kamnov pred obzidjem, ki so upočasnili in/ali one- works were sometimes present in the form of rows of
mogočili dostop (Turan, Vrčin, Gradina na Velikem Brionu, tapered stones implanted upright in front of the walls
Monkodonja, Kaštelir pri Kortah) (Baćić 1970; Mihovilić with the intention of slowing and/or thwarting access to
2014, 38; prim. Hänsel, Mihovilić, Teržan 2015). the hillfort (Turan, Vrčin, the Gradina on Veli Brijun island,
Monkodonja, Kaštelir near Korte) (Baćić 1970; Mihovilić
Hierarhija mest je bila očitna tudi v razporeditvi notranjega 2014, 38; cf. Hänsel, Mihovilić, Teržan 2015).
prostora. Višji sloji prebivalstva, kot je običajno, so živeli A hierarchical structure was evident in the distribution
na najvišjem delu naselja, na t. i. akropoli. Tam so običajno of space within the settlement. The upper strata of the
stali tudi pomembnejši objekti posvetnega in/ali verskega population, as is their wont, lived in the most elevated part
značaja, povezani z ulicami in javnimi prostori. V zgornjem of the settlement, the acropolis. This was also usually The Heroic Age of The Histri
delu mesta so bila prebivališča obrtnikov in različni funk- the site of the principal secular and religious structures,
cionalni prostori, v spodnjem delu pa je običajno prebival connected by streets and public areas. The tradespeo-

Nezakcij / Nesactium
33