Page 36 - Herojska doba Histrov

Herojska doba Histrov

preostali del prebivalstva. Glede na trenutno stanje razi- ple and functional areas were customarily situated in
skav železnodobnih istrskih gradišč za nekatere objekte the settlement’s upper zone, while the remainder of the
in javne površine ni mogoče podati veliko neposrednih population lived in the lower zone. At the current level
podatkov, vendar se domneva, da je razporeditev hiš in of investigation of the Iron Age hillforts of Istria there is
funkcionalnih prostorov sledila obrambnemu pasu na- little direct data available to us for some of the particular
selja, čemur so bile prilagojene tudi notranje prometnice structures and public areas, but it has been proposed that
(Mihovilić 2013; 2014, 52; prim. Hänsel, Mihovilić, Teržan the layout of houses and of functional spaces followed
2015, 350–352). the line of the settlement’s defensive zone, to which
the internal lines of communication were also adapted
(Mihovilić 2013; 2014, 52; cf. Hänsel, Mihovilić, Teržan
Kot prostor za organizacijo vsakdanjega življenja so bile 2015, 350–352).
zagotovo najpomembnejše hiše. Do sedaj niso bile razi-
skane v večjem številu, čeprav so bile dokumentirane na Houses were certainly the key element of the spatial
gradiščih Kas in Tondolon pri Savičenti (Mihovilić 2014, organisation of everyday life. They have not been in-
44–45). Zgrajene so bile iz suhozidov, s pravokotnimi vestigated to date in any great number, but have been
kamnitimi temelji, dograjene pa so bile najverjetneje z documented at the Kas and Tondolon near Svetvičenat
lesenimi gradbenimi elementi in s strešnimi konstrukcija- hillforts (Mihovilić 2014, 44–45). These were drystone
mi. Z novejšimi izkopavanji na območju Pulja, ob temeljih structures, with rectangular stone foundations, most likely
stavbe Arheološkega muzeja Istre in v Četrti sv. Teodora, having wooden structural elements and roof structures.
so bile raziskane nove hiše, kar je omogočilo vpogled v Recent excavations in Pula, along the foundations of the
njihove značilnosti. Bile so zgrajene na klesano izravnani building of the Archaeological Museum of Istria, and in
the Saint Theodore quarter, have seen the investigation
osnovni skali, talne površine pa so bile pokrite s plastjo of newly discovered dwellings, provided us with insights
stisnjene in zglajene zemlje. Znotraj hiš so bila različna concerning their layout. The houses were raised atop
odprta ognjišča ali vgrajene manjše peči, okoli katerih se the levelled bedrock, with the floor covered with an even
je odvijal vsakdanji življenjski ritem, hkrati pa so bili tu layer of rammed earth. Inside was an open hearth or a
zbrani različni ostanki hrane, od žit in stročnic, domačih small built–in oven, the focal point of everyday activity.
živali in divjadi do morskih sadežev. Posledično je bilo Numerous remains of various foodstuffs were collected
kmetijstvo, poleg živinoreje, lova in ribolova, pripisano at these places, ranging from cereals and legumes, to
osnovni gospodarski dejavnosti Histrov (Mihovilić 2001a, domesticated animals, wild game, and seafood. Conse-
109–116; 2011; 2014, 44–50, 290–298). quently, animal husbandry, along with agriculture, hunting,
and fishing, has been identified as the primary economic
Vendar pa ohranjena materialna kultura priča, da so Histri, activity among the Histri (Mihovilić 2001a, 109–116; 2011;
kot strukturirana skupnost, imeli številna znanja in spret- 2014, 44–50, 290–298).
nosti, predvsem v predelovalnih in proizvodnih dejavnostih. However, the preserved material culture shows that the
Bili so spretni rokodelci in obrtniki, kar nakazujejo zbrana Histri, as a structured community, possessed a broad
orodja in pribor, potrebni za takšne dejavnosti. Nedvomno base of knowledge and numerous skills, especially in
so se v večjem obsegu ukvarjali z izdelavo keramike in processing and production. They were skilled artisans
lončarstvom, obdelavo kosti in rogov, s tkanjem in šiva- and craftsmen, as is evident from the found tools and
njem, z metalurgijo in s torevtiko. Prav tako so bili izkušeni implements required for these activities. It is clear that
kamnoseki, predvsem pri gradnji naselij in grobišč, kasneje there was large–scale activity in the production of ce-
pa tudi mojstri pri oblikovanju monumentalnih skulptur ramics, i.e., pottery, the working of both bone and horn,
v Nezakciju (Mihovilić 2001a; 2014, 298–320). Ker so weaving and sewing, metallurgy and metalsmithing.
njihovi šivani čolni brez kovinskih delov (serilla/serilia), Likewise, they were also skilled masons, primarily in
skupaj z liburnskimi, opisani pri antičnih piscih (Križman the erection of settlements and necropolises, and as
1979, 200–204), je gotovo, da so morali biti izjemni lesni craftsmen creating the magnificent sculpture we see
predelovalci in ladjedelci. Najdba ladje v zalivu Zambratija at Nesactium (Mihovilić 2001a; 2014, 298–320). As the
sewn boats of the Histri, and those of the Liburni (serilla/
je ključni dokaz te nujne in za Histre izjemno pomembne

The Heroic Age of The Histri
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