Page 39 - Herojska doba Histrov

Herojska doba Histrov

Življenje in smrt Life and Death

Grobišča in grobovi, prav tako kot obredi pokopavanja Necropolises, graves, burial rituals, and items chosen
in predmeti, ki so bili simbolno izbrani za posvečenje for their symbolic value in consecrating the deceased
pokojnika in njegov odhod v višje ontološke sfere, pri- and their departure to higher ontological spheres bear
čajo o kulturi umiranja prav toliko kot o kulturi življenja witness to a culture of dying just as much as they do to

(Chapman 2003). Za vsakim grobom, za vsakim predme- a culture of living (Chapman 2003). Behind every grave,
behind every object, lies a community of the living that
tom, se predstavlja skupnost živih, ki je te obrede izvajala performed these rituals and that created or acquired these
in te predmete ustvarjala ali pridobivala. Zato so grobišča objects. The necropolises are thus our primary source
eden glavnih virov za spoznavanje in interpretacijo histrske for the presentation of the Histrian culture as a whole.
kulture v celoti.
We know that the settlements of the Histri are initially
identified by the cremation necropolises, being situated
Znano je, da so naselja Histrov prvotno zaznamovala prav just outside, and often within the bounds of the hillfort
žarna grobišča, saj so bila postavljena zunaj, pogosto pa settlements. We currently know of some thirty Iron Age
tudi znotraj gradišč. Trenutno imamo podatke o približno necropolises, only a few of which have seen investigation
30 grobiščih iz železne dobe, od katerih jih je le manjši and methodical publication. At hillforts with concentric
del raziskan in metodično objavljen. Pri gradiščih s kon- defensive walls the necropolises are positioned along the
centričnimi obzidji so bila grobišča postavljena ob glav- primary roads, access routes, or gates, on the slopes or
nih prometnicah, ob dostopih ali vhodih, na pobočjih ali between two walls, and – less often – within the bounds
med dvema obzidjema, redkeje pa v samem naselju (Pulj, of the settlement (Pula, Monbrodo, Sveti Martin nad Li-
Monbrodo, Sv. Martin nad Limom, Picugi, Beram, Kaštel mom, Picugi, Beram, Kaštel near Buje). At hillforts where
defensive walls were present to one side only the necrop-
pri Bujah). Gradišča, ki so bila zaščitena le z ene strani, so olises were usually located within the settlement, at the
imela grobišča običajno znotraj naselja, ob vhodu, ob ali za entrance gate, next to or behind the defensive walls and
obrambnim zidom in nasipom (Nezakcij, Oračina, Sv. Martin banks (Nesactium, Oračina, Sveti Martin near Tar, Limska
pri Taru, Limska gradina itd.), le redko pred obzidjem, kot pri gradina, etc.), rarely in front of the defensive walls, as
gradišču Punta Kašteja pri Medulinu. Razporeditev grobišč seen at the Punta Kašteja hillfort near Medulin. The siting
je bila torej odvisna od lege gradišča in tipa obrambnega of necropolises was thus contingent on the position of
sistema, zato ni presenetljivo, da železnodobna grobišča a hillfort and the layout of its defensive system, and it
kažejo podobnosti z lokacijami starejših, bronastodobnih. is thus not surprising that the necropolises of the Iron
Izraziti grobišči Vrčin in Gradina na Velikem Brionu sta Age are positioned much as those of the earlier Bronze
Age were. The distinct necropolises of Vrčin and the
prav tako postavljeni ob gradiščno obzidje in ob vhod v Gradina on Veli Brijun island are also located next to the
naselje, pokop več posameznikov v grobnicah – skrinjah walls of the hillfort and at the entrance to the settlement.
iz kamnitih plošč – ter tlakovanje grobnic s prodniki in z The burial of multiple individuals in tomb/cists made
drobnim kamenjem pa sta prisotna tudi v tradiciji žele- of stone panels, and the paving of tombs with pebbles
znodobnih grobov (Nezakcij, Pulj) (Mihovilić 1995; 1996, and small stones is also present in the Iron Age grave
12–14; 2001a, 27–36; 2013; 2014, 60–77, 80–87, 90–96, tradition (Nesactium, Pula) (Mihovilić 1995; 1996, 12–14;
98–100, 102–106, 110; 2021, 519). 2001a, 27–36; 2013; 2014, 60–77, 80–87, 90–96, 98–100,
102–106, 110; 2021, 519).

Atribucija grobišč jasno kaže, da je bil žarni pokop v železni The attribution of necropolises clearly shows that the
dobi Istre prevladujoč. Namesto dotlej običajnega skeletne- cremation burial rite was dominant in Iron Age Istria. In The Heroic Age of The Histri
ga pokopa v skrčenem ali sedečem položaju (Monkodonja, place of the hitherto customary skeletal burials in the
Gradina na Velikem Brionu, Vrčin itd.) (Hänsel, Mihovilić, crouched or sitting position (Monkodonja, Gradina on

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