Page 41 - Herojska doba Histrov

Herojska doba Histrov

Teržan 2015, 195–228) je prevladal obred sežiganja, ki je Veli Brijun island, Vrčin, etc.) (Hänsel, Mihovilić, Teržan
v 1. tisočletju pr. n. št. postal izključna praksa. Uvedba 2015, 195–228) the cremation ritual became the dominant
st
tega obreda je povezana z velikimi spremembami, ki so and, over the course of the 1 millennium BCE, the sole
zajele precejšen del Evrope in severnega Jadrana v času method. The introduction of this ritual is associated with
the massive changes that swept much of Europe and the
pozne bronaste dobe, torej nekje v 14./13. stoletju pr. n.
št. (Cavazzuti idr. 2022). Po trenutnih raziskavah vemo, northern Adriatic in the Late Bronze Age, i.e., at some point
in the 14 and 13 centuries BCE (Cavazzuti et al. 2022).
th
th
da se je obred sežiganja lahko izvajal v bližini ali celo na Based on the current level of investigation we know that
samem mestu pokopa, v grobni jami (Nezakcij, Pulj) ali the cremation ritual was performed near or at the place
na posebej določenih prostorih, ustrinah, tj. pogrebnih of burial, in the grave pit (Nesactium, Pula), or at areas
grmadah, kjer so se sežigali pokojniki (Nezakcij, Limska set aside for this ritual, i.e., the ustrinum or place of the
gradina, Beram). Ostanki pokojnikov in pepel so bili nato funeral pyre, where the dead were cremated (Nesactium,
odstranjeni skupaj s preostalim nakitom ali z deli noše ter Limska gradina, Beram). The remains of the deceased and
položeni v žare ali neposredno v grobne jame na določenem the ash – along with the remaining jewellery and parts
of clothing – were then removed and placed in an urn or
mestu grobišča. Razporeditev grobov na grobiščih ne kaže
jasne pravilnosti, nadgrobni spomeniki in situ doslej niso directly into a grave pit at a specific part of a necropolis.
There is no evident order to the arrangement of graves
bili raziskani. Kljub temu znatnejših poškodb grobov ob in the necropolises, and grave markers in situ have to
kasnejših pokopih ni zaznati, z izjemo Nezakcija. Najdbe date not been investigated. Nevertheless, significant
monumentalne kamnite plastike morda vendarle kažejo damage to graves in the course of later burials is not
na možnost obstoja nekaterih oblik površinskih oznak, known of, except at Nesactium. The find of monumental
zlasti pri družbeno visoko rangiranih posameznikih in stone sculpture may, however, point to the possibility
njihovih družinah iz histrske aristokracije (Mihovilić 2001a, that there was some form of surface marker, especially
117–130; 2014, 108–110; 2021, 516). for persons of high social rank and their families from
the Histrian aristocracy (Mihovilić 2001a, 117–130; 2014,
108–110; 2021, 516).
Uveljavljena je bila uporaba različnih grobnih konstrukcij, ki
so bile prav tako podvržene terenskim razmeram in logiki Diverse grave structures have been identified, also con-
prostora. Tako so bile žare ali zgolj upepeljeni ostanki tingent on the configuration and logic of the terrain. Thus,
lahko položeni na različne načine. Najpogosteje so jih urns or simply the cremated remains could be interred
postavili neposredno na tla, prekrita s kamenjem, nato v in various manners. Most often they were put directly
onto the soil and covered with stone, or in a simple pit
preprosto grobno jamo, izkopano v zemlji ali vklesano v dug into the soil or carved into the rock, with a stone lid,
matično skalo, s kamnitimi pokrovi ter v manjše kamnite
or in small stone cists. Although actually rare, the large
skrinje. Čeprav so dejansko redke, so najzanimivejše zidane masonry tombs are of greatest interest, with outer walls
grobnice večjih dimenzij, obkrožene z zidovi in prekrite z and large top slabs. They often contained multiple and
večjimi pokrovi. Vsebovale so več različnih žar, zato morda diverse urns, and may have been familial tombs that
predstavljajo družinske grobnice, s katerimi je bil poudarjen underlined the status and prestige of the deceased over
status pokojnika skozi več generacij, in sicer z izjemnimi in multiple generations with lavish and exceptional grave
redkimi pridatki (Nezakcij). Včasih so iste žare vsebovale goods (Nesactium); at times a single urn contained mul-
posmrtne ostanke več oseb (Rajić-Šikanjić 2009; Miho- tiple interred individuals (Rajić-Šikanjić 2009; Mihovilić,
Rajić-Šikanjić 2016; Mihovilić 2014, 110). Urns were most
vilić, Rajić-Šikanjić 2016; Mihovilić 2014, 110). Kot žare often ceramic vessels in secondary use, at times made
so se najpogosteje uporabljale keramične posode, bodisi
specifically for the burial ritual. The dominant forms are
sekundarne rabe bodisi namenoma izdelane za pogrebne the globular jug or pot, with incised and encrusted relief
obrede. Prevladovali so trebušasti vrči in trebušasti lonci, decoration, usually wavy lines, spirals, and meanders
okrašeni z reliefnimi, vrezanimi in inkrustiranimi vzorci, (cat. nos. 1, 31–32, 57–59, 67–70, 73, 81, 178–179). Also The Heroic Age of The Histri
običajno z valovitimi linijami, s spiralami in z meandri (kat. used for this purpose were costly imported vessels, in

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