Page 49 - Herojska doba Histrov

Herojska doba Histrov

neposredni dokaz o obstoju šivanih plovil. Gre za najdbo We learn from the available sources that boats were criti-
ladijske konstrukcije iz podmorja zaliva Zambratija blizu cal to Histrian survival, both in times of peace (transport,
Umaga, ki je časovno umeščena v pozno bronasto dobo piracy, etc.), and at times of war and military conflict (raids,
in prav v začetno fazo histrske kulture. To odkritje kaže, naval battles, defence of territorial waters, etc.). Although
da so izvor, razvoj in uporaba tehnike takšne gradnje za- they are not the only Adriatic people associated with piracy,
koreninjeni že v bronastodobni prazgodovinski tradiciji the only direct evidence we currently have of the existence
(Koncani Uhač, Boetto, Uhač 2019). of sewn boats pertains to them. This is the find of a sewn
boat structure in the seabed of the Zambratija cove near

S prehodom v novo tisočletje, tj. nekje od 10. stoletja pr. Umag, dated to the Late Bronze Age, precisely to this initial
n. št., se v Istri pričenja razvoj železnodobne kulturne di- phase of the Histrian culture. This discovery suggests
namike, s čimer se uvajajo in v celoti sprejemajo novi tipi that the origin, development, and use of this boat building
posod. Prevladujejo žare v obliki trebušastega lonca ali technique had its roots in a Bronze Age prehistoric tradition
trebušastega vrča z dekoracijo na večjem delu posode, ki se (Koncani Uhač, Boetto, Uhač 2019).
uvaja pod vplivi italskega, vilanovskega kroga na eni strani With the transition to the new millennium, i.e., at some
in protogeometričnega sloga Egeje na drugi strani. Pove- point in the 10 century BCE, we see in Istria, as in other
th
zani geometrijski motivi, zlasti spirale, valovnice, meandri, areas, the development of Iron Age cultural dynamics,
svastike in šrafirani rombi, so običajno izdelani z vrezova- and with them the introduction and ultimately full adop-
njem, vtiskanjem in belo inkrustacijo ali v reliefu (kat. št. 1, tion of novel forms of ware. These are dominated by
31–32, 56–59, 65, 67–70, 73, 80–81, 178–179). Figuralni urns in the form of a globular jug or pot, with decoration
motivi v dekorativni umetnosti se omejujejo na zoomorfne covering much of the vessel. This draws on the influ-
upodobitve, najpogosteje ptic, jelenov ali konj (Mihovilić ence of the Italic, Villanovan sphere to one side, and
2001a, 68–75; 2014, 158–195; 2021, 513). Ti motivi so tako the proto–geometric style of the Aegean to the other.
prevladali v splošni uporabi, da so postali del standardnega Connected geometric patterns, in particular spirals, wavy
umetniškega repertoarja Histrov. Zato jih najdemo tako na lines, meanders, swastikas, and hatched rhombi were
manjših kovinskih predmetih kot tudi na monumentalni usually incised, impressed with white paste inlay, or done
kamniti plastiki. Izpostaviti velja še manšetaste zapestnice in relief (cat. nos. 1, 31–32, 57–59, 65, 67–70, 73, 80–81,
iz tanke pločevine, trakaste zapestnice s sponko, nože in 178–179). The range of figural motifs in decorative art
diskaste glavice igel, vse okrašene na večjem delu površine is limited to zoomorphic imagery, usually of birds, deer,
z opisanimi motivi (kat. št. 20, 46, 60, 71, 82). Poleg igel s or horses (Mihovilić 2001a, 68–75; 2014, 158–195; 2021,
stožčastimi glavicami nošo sestavljajo predvsem žične 513). These motifs were so prevalent in general use that
fibule, kot so očalaste fibule in fibule z listastim lokom, nato they became a part of the standard artistic repertoire of
obeski in drug žični nakit (Mihovilić 1990; Sakara Sučević the Histri. We find them thus on small metal objects and
2004, 18–20; Mihovilić 2014, 170–176). on monumental stone sculpture. Also notable are cuff
bracelets made of thin sheet metal, strap bracelets with
hooked latches, knives, and discoid pin heads, all with
Uveljavljene tradicije kulturnih stikov in trajnega prepletanja
se nadaljujejo s prostorom celotnega Jadrana in zaledja much of the surface decorated with the above–described
motifs and patterns (cat. nos. 20, 46, 60, 71, 82). Besides
od 10., predvsem pa v 9. in 8. stoletju pr. n. št. Odražajo se
pins with conical heads, the apparel includes for the most
tako v sorodnostih pri izvedbi posameznih tipov materialne
kulture kot tudi v uvoženih predmetih. Posebno pozornost part wire fibulae, such as spectacle fibulae and fibulae
with leaf–like bows, pendants, and other wire jewellery
pritegnejo ročaji bronastih ražnjev iz Nezakcija (kat. št. The Heroic Age of The Histri
(Mihovilić 1990; Sakara Sučević 2004, 18–20; Mihovilić
89), saj so imeli ti predmeti pomembno vlogo v predmone-
2014, 170–176).
tarni veletrgovini s surovinami po celotnem halštatskem

47