Page 22 - Herojska doba Histrov

Herojska doba Histrov

brionski arhipelag, edinstvene oblike med Medulinom in much more indented, with its islands and islets, is typ-
Premanturo, Limski zaliv ter naravno prostorno pristanišče ical of submerged karst relief. Notable here are the Bri-
Pulja. Vzhodna obala Istre je strma in usmerjena proti juni islands, the specific coastal morphology between
Kvarnerju in kvarnerskim otokom, pri čemer posebej iz- Medulin and Premantura, the Lim ria, and the naturally
stopa globoka uvala Budava, nad katero se dviga Nezakcij spacious harbour facing Pula. Istria’s eastern shores are
(Riđanović 1975; Lončar 2005; Mihovilić 2014, 288–290). steep and face the Kvarner bay and its islands, with the
Plodna notranjost, dostopnost vodnih virov in razčlenjenost particularly notable and deep Budava cove above which
obale kot pomemben naravni vir za različne gospodarske Nesactium rises (Riđanović 1975; Lončar 2005; Mihovilić
2014, 288–290). A fertile interior, access to water, and an
dejavnosti so omogočile aktivno prisotnost človeka v vseh indented coastline – significant natural resources un-
obdobjih histrske in tako tudi istrske preteklosti.
derpinning a range of economic activities – provided for
robust human industry in the various periods of Histrian
Kljub temu naravno opredeljeni geografski okvir ni v celoti history and the history of Istria in general.
zajemal t. i. etničnega prostora Histrov. Uveljavljeno je mne-
nje, da ga je na severozahodu omejevala reka Rižana, na The geography thus described did not, however, encom-
severu in severovzhodu gorovji Ćićarija in Učka, na vzhodu pass the whole of the Histrian ethnic sphere. The general
pa reka Raša, saj se je prav ta etnična razširjenost kasneje view is that it was largely limited to the lands bound to the
ujemala z administrativno mejo rimske Istre (Matijašić northwest by the Rižana River, to the north by the Ćićarija
and Učka highlands, and to the east by the Raša River,
1991; Mihovilić 2014, 26). Vendar pa je izjemno nehvaležno as this ethnic distribution would correspond to the later
in obremenjujoče govoriti o fizičnih, administrativnih ali administrative borders of Istria under Rome (Matijašić
političnih mejah v smislu, kot jih poznamo iz časa rimske 1991; Mihovilić 2014, 26). To speak, however, in terms
države, ali celo z današnje perspektive, kadar obravnavamo of the physical, administrative, and political frontiers
tedanje skupnosti. Ljudje železne dobe namreč prostora that existed during the time of the Roman state, or even
in časa niso doživljali na tak način, kot si ju predstavljamo from the perspective of present–day borders, is both
danes, še manj pa svojih ali sosednjih območij. Etnične very much injudicious and incongruous with regard to
meje, še posebej zunaj tako (rimsko) določenega prostora the communities of that time. The people of the Iron Age
Histrov, so bile zabrisane, težje določljive in predvsem simply did not conceive spatial or temporal bounds in
življenjske (Starac 1999, 11–15). these terms, and this was true to an even greater extent
of their concept of their own and neighbouring lands.
Že od 3. in 2. tisočletja pr. n. št., v času bronaste dobe, se Ethnic boundaries, especially outside of the (Roman)
na celotnem območju Istre oblikuje dobro organizirano contours of Histria, were fluid, less defined and, above
prebivalstvo, nastanjeno na vzpetinah v zaščitenih gra- all, dynamic (Starac 1999, 11–15).
diščih s protourbanimi značilnostmi (Buršić-Matijašić From as far back as the 3 and 2 millennium BCE, dur-
rd
nd
2007). Ena izmed teh naselbin, večjih dimenzij, je bila ing the Bronze Age, across the whole of Istria we see a
zagotovo na Monkodonji v zaledju Rovinja in je trenutno well organised population, residing in protected hillfort
najbolje raziskano gradišče v Istri (Hänsel, Mihovilić, Teržan settlements at elevated places with proto–urban char-
2015). V tem času se življenje začne tudi v gradiščih na acteristics (Buršić-Matijašić 2007). Monkodonja, inland
Velikem Brionu, Vrčinu ali Nezakciju kot tudi v številnih of Rovinj, was certainly one such large settlement and
manj raziskovanih naseljih (Buršić-Matijašić 2007; prim. is currently the most thoroughly investigated Istrian hill-
Mihovilić 2013). fort site (Hänsel, Mihovilić, Teržan 2015). It was at this
time that hillfort settlements were founded on Veli Bri-
jun island, Vrčin, and Nesactium, and at numerous less
Vendar pa oblikovanje histrske kulture v tem prostoru in well investigated settlements (Buršić-Matijašić 2007; cf.
v tem času ne izhaja neposredno iz starejših, bronasto- Mihovilić 2013).
dobnih tradicij; predvsem je povezano z velikimi kulturnimi
spremembami, ki so se zgodile v 14. in 13. stoletju pr. n. The formation of the Histrian culture in this area and
št. Gre za širitev t. i. kulturnega kompleksa žarnih grobišč, at that time does not, however, develop directly out of

The Heroic Age of The Histri
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