Page 25 - Herojska doba Histrov

Herojska doba Histrov

Sledi in spoznanja Traces and Insights

Geografski prostor je eden od osnovnih predpogojev, skla- Geography was one of the primary contributing factors
dno s katerim so se v času pozne bronaste in železne driving significant and diverse socio–cultural interaction
dobe odvijali pomembni ter raznoliki družbeno-kulturni within the historical circumstances of the Late Bronze and
prepleti takratnih zgodovinskih okoliščin. To se je seveda the Iron Age. This was also reflected in the formation and
odražalo v oblikovanju in razvoju kulturnih razmer kot tudi development of the cultural setting, and in the actual his-
v zgodovini njihovega raziskovanja. Železna doba Istre se v tory of our study of these cultures. It was only in the 1960s
arheološki znanosti obravnava kot posebna istrska skupina that academic archaeology began to comprehended the
šele od 60. let prejšnjega stoletja, s pionirskimi pregledi, ki Iron Age in Istria in the sense of a separate Istrian group,
with the pioneering papers penned by Š. Batović, B. Čović,
so jih predstavili Š. Batović, B. Čović in S. Gabrovec ter R. S. Gabrovec, and R. Vasić (Batović 1966; 1987; Čović,
Vasić (Batović 1966; 1987; Čović, Gabrovec 1971, 329–332; Gabrovec 1971, 329–332; Vasić 1973, 50–55). Although
Vasić 1973, 50–55). Čeprav so bila železnodobna najdišča there had by that time already been over a century of
raziskana že več kot sto let prej, je bilo zbrano gradivo v the investigation of Iron Age sites, the collected material
kulturno-zgodovinskem kontekstu večinoma interpretirano was, in terms of the cultural history, largely interpreted
v okviru venetske kulture (Mihovilić 2014, 18–20). Takšna as being a part of the Veneto culture (Mihovilić 2014,
razlaga je bila povezana z razvojem stroke in s širjenjem 18–20). These interpretations were associated both with
splošnega znanja o kulturnih spremembah na območju the development of this field of study and progress in
Caput Adriae kot tudi z raziskovalnimi prizadevanji, ki so our overall understanding of Iron Age cultural change in
se skozi leta in stoletja množila ter izboljševala. Razisko- the Caput Adriae area, and with investigative efforts that,
vanje Histrov se torej lahko razume v okvirih štirih večjih systematically and over the years and centuries, were
etap v zadnjih 150 letih, povezanih tudi s pomembnimi improved and grew in number. The investigative search
spremembami političnih struktur, ki so vplivale na Istro v for the Histri can thus be understood as roughly covering
novejši zgodovini. four major phases over the past 150 years, which also
relate to the major political upheavals in which Istria has
been caught up in in recent history.
Prva etapa raziskovanja Histrov zajema obdobje začetnih
zabeležb gradišč v drugi polovici 19. stoletja, z ustanovi- The first phase in the investigation of the Histri covers the
tvijo Pokrajinskega arheološkega muzeja Istre v Poreču period from the initial identification of hillfort settlements
leta 1884 in Mestnega muzeja v Pulju leta 1902, torej do in the second half of the 19 century, and includes the
th
začetka institucionalizirane arheologije na območju Istre time of the founding of a regional archaeological muse-
(Matijašić 1983). V to obdobje spadajo vsa raziskovanja, um in Istria in Poreč in the year 1884 and of a municipal
ki so se izvajala tako na gradiščih kot na grobiščih in so museum in Pula in 1902, i.e., up to the beginning of insti-
bila tesno povezana z razvojem naravoslovnih znanosti. tutional archaeology in Istria (Matijašić 1983). This period
Obsežnejša raziskovanja so bila usmerjena v grobišča, saj includes all the investigations performed at hillfort sites,
se je že leta 1883 začelo prvo izkopavanje železnodobnih and at necropolises, closely related to the development
nekropol Beram in nato Picugi, desetletje kasneje pa so sle- of the sciences. The more comprehensive investigative
efforts were targeted at the necropolises, and 1883 saw
dila sistematična izkopavanja grobišč v Pulju (1898–1909) the launch of the first excavations at the Iron Age ne-
in Nezakciju (1900–1905) (Moser 1884; Amoroso 1885; cropolises at Beram, then Picugi, while a decade later
1889; Marchesetti 1884; Puschi 1905; Gnirs 1925, 44–91; we see systematic excavations of the Pula (1898–1909)
Mihovilić 2001a; 2014, 10–14). Izkopavanja so večinoma and Nesactium (1900–1905) necropolises (Moser 1884;
izvajali arheologi in konservatorji iz Trsta (C. Marchesetti, Amoroso 1885; 1889; Marchesetti 1884; Puschi 1905; The Heroic Age of The Histri
B. Benussi, P. Sticotti, B. Schiavuzzi, A. Puschi) ter z Dunaja Gnirs 1925, 44–91; Mihovilić 2001a; 2014, 10–14). The
(C. Moser, M. Hörnes, A. Gnirs), saj je bila Istra na prehodu investigative work was largely led by archaeologists and
stoletja kot Avstrijsko Primorje vključena v avstro-ogrsko conservators from Trieste (C. Marchesetti, B. Benussi, P.

Tri gradišča Picugov / The three hillforts of the Picugi
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