Page 23 - Herojska doba Histrov

Herojska doba Histrov

panevropskega fenomena, ki ga dosledno označujeta the older Bronze Age tradition. It is primarily associated
obred sežiganja pokojnikov in obred odlaganja kovinskih with the profound cultural changes that occurred in the
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predmetov (npr. Fokkens, Harding 2013). Bronastodobni course of the 14 and 13 centuries BCE. These changes
staroselci Istre se novim, hitro širečim se spremembam are primarily associated with the spread of the urnfield
niso mogli upreti. V nekaterih naseljih se življenje takrat cultural complex, a pan–European phenomenon that is
popolnoma preneha, kot na Monkodonji, medtem ko v consistently characterised by the ritual cremation of the
drugih v smislu akulturacije in asimilacije traja skozi celo deceased and the custom of depositing a hoard of metal
zadnje tisočletje stare dobe (Nezakcij, Bale, Rovinj, Limska objects (e.g., Fokkens, Harding 2013). The indigenous
Bronze Age population of Istria was overwhelmed by the
gradina in drugje). To je čas, ko prevladuje uporaba železa v rapid advance of these novel and sweeping changes, and
splošni uporabi, zato je to obdobje po splošnem dogovoru some settlements (like Monkodonja) were deserted, while
znano kot železna doba. Obsežne kulturne spremembe, others (like Nesactium, Bale, Rovinj, and Limska gradina)
nedoločenih in heterogenih etničnih pripadnikov, so se were assimilated and survived through the whole of the
najjasneje odražale v izvajanju obredov prvih pokopov v last millennium of the ancient epoch. This is the period
žarah na območju večjih grobišč, kot so Limska gradina, of the dominant and ubiquitous use of iron, i.e., the Iron
Nezakcij, Pulj in Picugi (Mihovilić 1972; 2001a; 2012; 2014, Age. The profound cultural change, and the indetermi-
60–66, 70–75, 82–86, 90–96; Betic 2005). nate and heterogeneous ethnicities, were most clearly
reflected in the first performances of urn burials at major
Na podlagi načinov pokopavanja, različnih obredov in do- necropolises such as Limska gradina, Nesactium, Pula,
stopne materialne kulture s posameznih najdišč se že več and Picugi (Mihovilić 1972; 2001a; 2012; 2014, 60–66,
kot stoletje poskušajo opredeliti procesi nastanka, razvoja 70–75, 82–86, 90–96; Betic 2005).
in propada histrske kulture. Neprekinjena kronološka sled There have been efforts for over a century, drawing on the
se sistematično spremlja od oblikovanja skupnosti Histrov burial method, the various ritual forms, and the available
v pozni bronasti dobi, torej nekje od 12. in 11. stoletja pr. material culture from various sites, to describe the origin,
n. št. Razvojna pot je razdeljena na dve večji obdobji: sta- development and decline of the Histrian culture. There
rejšo železno dobo, od 10. do konca 5. stoletja pr. n. št., in is an unbroken chronological succession from the for-
mlajšo železno dobo, od 4. do 2./1. stoletja pr. n. št., skozi mation of the Histrian community late in the Bronze Age,
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šest večjih faz istrske skupine (Gabrovec, Mihovilić 1987, i.e., at some point in the 12 and 11 centuries BCE. The
300–301; Mihovilić 2001a, 37–39; 2014, 114–116; 2021, developmental path is divided into two broad periods; the
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510–517). Herojska doba Histrov se končuje s usodnimi boji early Iron Age, from the 10 to the late 5 century BCE,
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proti Rimljanom in z dramatičnim porazom kralja Epulona and the late Iron Age, from the 4 to the 2 to 1 century
leta 177 pr. n. št., torej z osvajanjem Nezakcija, njihove- BCE, through six major phases of the Istrian group (Ga-
ga zadnjega zatočišča, in s končnim padcem histrskega brovec, Mihovilić 1987, 300–301; Mihovilić 2001a, 37–39;
2014, 114–116; 2021, 510–517). The Heroic Age of the
kraljestva. Takrat se začenja progresivna romanizacija Histri closes with a decisive war with the Romans and the
širšega območja in leta 12./11. pr. n. št. bo Istra zaradi dramatic defeat of the king Epulon in the year 177 BCE,
svoje pomembnosti in vrednosti vključena v X. regijo Italije, i.e., the Roman capture of Nesactium, their final refuge,
skupaj z Veneto, čemur je sledilo začetno upravno-pravno and the final fall of the Histrian kingdom. This saw the
vključevanje v nov zgodovinski kontekst rimskega vladanja beginning of a progressive Romanisation of the broader
regiji Histriae (Starac 1999, 55–60; Šašel Kos 2005, 242; region, and in the year 12/11 BCE Istria would, in light of
Matijašić 2009). its importance and its value, join Veneto to form the 10
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Italic region, which in the administrative and legal sense
marked the dawn of a new historical context, one of Ro-
man dominion over the region of Histriae (Starac 1999,
55–60; Šašel Kos 2005, 242; Matijašić 2009). The Heroic Age of The Histri

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