Page 376 - Pedagoška vizija / A Pedagogical Vision

Mirjana Radetić-Paić

The areas of risk are different, and the authors Williams, Ayers, and Arthur
(1997) list the following major groups:

1. genetic or biological risk factors,
2. individual and peer risk factors,
3. school-related risk factors,
4. risk factors in the family,
5. risk factors in the community.

More precisely, risk processes are those that explain where and how risk
factorsleadtohighvulnerability.Atthesametime,separatingriskyprocesses
from risky traits is the main challenge for researchers and practitioners deal-
ing children and youth with behavioural disorders. In addition to the above,
risk is increasingly defined and assessed as the probability that future disor-
ders will decrease in the balance between the competences of children and
youth (resilience) on the one hand, and their riskiness (vulnerability) on the
other.
In this context, scientific research seeks to find answers to questions about
the degree of risk of children and youth, and to explain their actions, in or-
der to apply this knowledge for the adequate implementation of prevention
strategies aimed at behavioural disorders in children and youth.

Children and Young People with Behavioural Disorders
in the Area of Pula: Historical Perspective
In the literature about the city of Pula, the largest city in the Croatian Istria
County, and its past, in addition to considerations about political and social
circumstances, there are mentions of behavioural disorders of children and
youth. They are not continuous, so it is possible to follow the phenomenon
only fragmentarily, that is, to follow individual periods from the distant past
up to today, from which it is evident that every social community had its own
attitudes and understandings of children and young people, their behaviour
and treatment. Concern and care for this population category was different
and depended on a number of conditions. Namely, among other things, the
geographical position of Istria, which is located both on the Mediterranean
and close to the cultural centres of Central Europe, has exposed this region
to the influence of strong cultures of the East and West. During its history,
from the loss of independence of Histra in 177 BC, until the independence of
the Republic of Croatia in 1990, the city of Pula was a part of the Roman Em-
pire until 476, the Eastern Gothic states until 538, the Byzantine Empire until

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