Page 63 - Petelin, Ana, ur. 2024. Zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih / Health of Working-Age and Older Adults. Zbornik povzetkov z recenzijo ▪︎ Book of Abstracts. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem/University of Primorska Press

Redox state and longevity in omnivore, vegan, vegetarian
and low carbohydrate high fat diet

Nives Bogataj Jontez, Karin Šik Novak, Ana Petelin, Zala Jenko Pražnikar, Nina Mohorko,
Saša Kenig
University of Primorska Faculty of Health Sciences, Izola, Slovenia
Introduction: Redox state and longevity are tightly connected, with redox state being
associated with aging and the development of age-related diseases. Additionally, re-
dox state has been associated with the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), which is consid-
ered a marker of longevity. However, the comparison of redox state and SIRT1 among
dietary groups, that exclude whole food groups from their diet, has not yet been in-
vestigated.
Methods: Dietary intake, serum total antioxidative capacity (TAC), serum antioxida-
tive capacity of water-soluble compounds (ACW), serum antioxidative capacity of li-
pid-soluble compounds (ACL), NAD /NADH ratio (D/DH), and expression of anti-
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oxidative enzymes catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well
as SIRT1 were measured in 88 healthy subjects with stable body mass and consistent
dietary pattern for at least 6 months. The subjects were omnivores (O, n=22), vegans
(V, n=23), vegetarians (VG, n=21) and individuals following low carbohydrate high fat
diet (LCHF, n=22). The dietary groups were homogeneous in terms of BMI, fat mass,
fat-free mass, physical activity and smoking.
Results: TAC and D/DH were highest in V, followed by O, LCHF and VG, with signif-
icant difference compared to V. D/DH was positively associated with total oxida-
tive radical absorbance capacity of ingested food and with diet quality assessed with
Healthy Eating Index. ACW and ACL did not differ between dietary groups, nor did
the expression of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Al-
though there was a noticeable difference in mean values (with expression levels in the
order O, V, VG, and LCHF), SIRT1 did not differ significantly between groups. SIRT1
expression was positively associated with diet quality. The hierarchical regression
model identified gender, age and expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase as
significant predictors of TAC, while gender and diet quality were significant predictors
of D/DH. TAC was higher in men, whereas D/DH was higher in women. Addition-
ally, ACW and expression of catalase and superoxide dismutase were higher in men.
Discussion and conclusions: The body’s redox state is a multifactorial marker influenced prehrana in zdravje delovno aktivnih in starejših odraslih | nutrition and health of working-age and older adults
by both endogenous and exogenous factors. Our study demonstrated better redox
state in V, which may be due to better diet quality and food choices within their die-
tary pattern. Diet quality was found to be an important factor for both redox state
and SIRT1, which is independently associated with healthy ageing and longevity. Our
results also revealed significant differences between genders, and further analyses are
needed to clarify the expression of SIRT1 and its association with the redox state of
the body.
Keywords: serum antioxidative capacity, NAD /NADH ratio, sirtuin 1, diet quality
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