Page 230 - Kralj-Fišer, Simona, 2024. Od genov do vedenja in naprej. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem.

Slika 14.8: Kemična struktura klorpromazina in dopamina
Vir: po Kandel idr. (2000) priredila Chiara Piraino.
Klorpromazin se veže na dopaminske receptorje, ker ima podobno obliko in se zato prilega receptorju.
Vendar pa zaradi razlik v strukturi klorpromazin preprosto sedi na receptorju in ga blokira, ne da bi spro-
žil odziv.

14.2.3 Shizofrenija in živčni prenašalci

Bolniki s shizofrenijo imajo motenih več nevrotransmiterskih sistemov. Med doka-
zane sisteme, ki so vpleteni v shizofrenijo, spadajo dopamin, glutamat, GABA, ace-
tilholin in serotonin (preglednica 14.2).

Preglednica 14.2: Nevrotransmiterski sistemi, ki so vpleteni v shizofrenijo,
in dokazi, ki potrjujejo njihovo vpletenost v to motnjo.

Schizophrenia
Neurotransmitters and schizophrenia
Evidence for involvement in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia
Receptor Evidence • Patients with schizophrenia show
abnormal synaptic communication
Dopamine • Drugs that prevent the activity of dopamine in the brain, by between neurones in the brain 1
blocking D 2 receptors, can reduce positive symptoms 1
• Amphetamines, which increase the levels of dopamine in the • These abnormalities occur in several
brain, can increase psychotic symptoms 1 neurotransmitter systems; disruption
Glutamate • NMDA receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine and of one system results in compensatory
ketamine, produce psychosis-like features indistinct from mechanisms by other systems 1
schizophrenia 1
GABA • Reduced synthesis and reuptake of GABA has been
demonstrated in the prefrontal cortex in patients with
schizophrenia 1
Acetylcholine • Decreased levels of cholinergic receptors are observed in the
hippocampus, thalamus, and striatum in patients with
schizophrenia 1
Serotonin • Prefrontal 5-HT 2A receptors have been linked to the
pathogenesis of schizophrenia 2,3
• Activation of 5-HT 2A receptors induces a schizophrenia-like
psychosis in humans 2,3
5-HT = serotonin; GABA = gamma-aminobutyric acid; NMDA = N-methyl-D-aspartic acid
1. Sadock et al. Kaplan & Sadock’s Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 2009;
2. Vollenweider et al. Neuroreport 1998;9(17):3897–3902; 3. Santini et al. J Neurosci Res 2013;91(5):634–641 1
Vir: https://neurotorium.org/slidedeck/schizophrenia-neurobiology-and-aetiology/
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