Page 194 - Retar, Iztok. 2022. Zgodnje gibalno učenje in poučevanje. Koper: Založba Univerze na Primorskem.
P. 194
dnje gibalno učenje in poučevanje
optimally develop a child’s hereditary motor and functional abilities. Further
chapters cover the inherent principles of children’s motor development, from
the process of substituting reflex movements for spontaneous rhythmic and
voluntary movements, all the way to developing basic and complex move-
ment patterns. In this context, the range of movement is explained using a
model of interconnected motor skills. Since the differences in the performan-
ce of individual movements and movement in general, both in terms of qu-
ality and quantity, notably depend on the development and maintenance of
motor skills, a special focus is placed on motor skills. It is motor skills that ha-
ve the greatest impact on a child’s motor achievements and success in over-
coming movement challenges. The introduction explains the characteristics
of balance as the ability of rapidly forming substitution movements needed
for maintaining or restoring a balanced position of the body when balance is
lost. Also presented are methods of developing balance based on disrupting
balance through rotation, reducing the size of the base of support, and blin-
dfolding, along with techniques for measuring balance. The next topic exa-
mined is the most complex motor skill, coordination, which is responsible
for the effective formation and execution of compound motor tasks and is
recognizable by the correct, well-timed, efficient, stable and original perfor-
mance of movement. Special attention is focused on describing the factors
that affect coordination – comprising an explanation of the system for recei-
ving and analyzing data from the environment and the body, a description of
the motor memory centre, which stores movement patterns, and a presentati-
on of how the cortical and subcortical centres for movement formation work.
The next chapter looks at the role and importance of flexibility as the abili-
ty responsible for performing movements in the widest possible range. Inter-
nal and external factors impacting flexibility are presented, underscoring the
use of exclusively dynamic methods for developing flexibility in youngest chil-
dren. Next up is the description of strength, which is defined as the ability of
effectively doing work per unit of time whereby chemical energy inside skele-
tal muscles is converted into mechanical energy. The importance of functional
factors of strength is put into focus, such as effective activity of motor centres
in the central nervous system, which call muscle fibres into action, conduction
of nervous pathways along which impulses reach the target muscles, the im-
portance of synaptic transmission, and the quality of biochemical processes
that facilitate the conversion of energy. The next motor skill presented is spe-
ed, which is defined as the ability to execute a movement as quickly as possi-
ble. This section primarily deals with speed and its link to genetic information
and structural proportion of fast- to slow-twitch muscle fibres. This is followed
194
optimally develop a child’s hereditary motor and functional abilities. Further
chapters cover the inherent principles of children’s motor development, from
the process of substituting reflex movements for spontaneous rhythmic and
voluntary movements, all the way to developing basic and complex move-
ment patterns. In this context, the range of movement is explained using a
model of interconnected motor skills. Since the differences in the performan-
ce of individual movements and movement in general, both in terms of qu-
ality and quantity, notably depend on the development and maintenance of
motor skills, a special focus is placed on motor skills. It is motor skills that ha-
ve the greatest impact on a child’s motor achievements and success in over-
coming movement challenges. The introduction explains the characteristics
of balance as the ability of rapidly forming substitution movements needed
for maintaining or restoring a balanced position of the body when balance is
lost. Also presented are methods of developing balance based on disrupting
balance through rotation, reducing the size of the base of support, and blin-
dfolding, along with techniques for measuring balance. The next topic exa-
mined is the most complex motor skill, coordination, which is responsible
for the effective formation and execution of compound motor tasks and is
recognizable by the correct, well-timed, efficient, stable and original perfor-
mance of movement. Special attention is focused on describing the factors
that affect coordination – comprising an explanation of the system for recei-
ving and analyzing data from the environment and the body, a description of
the motor memory centre, which stores movement patterns, and a presentati-
on of how the cortical and subcortical centres for movement formation work.
The next chapter looks at the role and importance of flexibility as the abili-
ty responsible for performing movements in the widest possible range. Inter-
nal and external factors impacting flexibility are presented, underscoring the
use of exclusively dynamic methods for developing flexibility in youngest chil-
dren. Next up is the description of strength, which is defined as the ability of
effectively doing work per unit of time whereby chemical energy inside skele-
tal muscles is converted into mechanical energy. The importance of functional
factors of strength is put into focus, such as effective activity of motor centres
in the central nervous system, which call muscle fibres into action, conduction
of nervous pathways along which impulses reach the target muscles, the im-
portance of synaptic transmission, and the quality of biochemical processes
that facilitate the conversion of energy. The next motor skill presented is spe-
ed, which is defined as the ability to execute a movement as quickly as possi-
ble. This section primarily deals with speed and its link to genetic information
and structural proportion of fast- to slow-twitch muscle fibres. This is followed
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